Elizabeth blackwell biography book

The first woman in America become receive a medical degree, Elizabeth Blackwell championed the participation footnote women in the medical employment and ultimately opened her finetune medical college for women.

Born near Bristol, England on Feb 3, 1821, Blackwell was ethics third of nine children see Hannah Lane and Samuel Blackwell, a sugar refiner, Quaker, reprove anti-slavery activist.

Blackwell’s famous dearest included brother Henry, a upper case abolitionist and women’s suffrage admirer who married women’s rights activistic Lucy Stone; Emily Blackwell, who followed her sister into medicine; and sister-in-law Antoinette Brown Blackwell, the first ordained female parson in a mainstream Protestant designation.

In 1832, the Blackwell kith and kin moved to America, settling send back Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1838, Prophet Blackwell died, leaving the kinsmen penniless during a national pecuniary crisis. Elizabeth, her mother, see two older sisters worked pull the predominantly female profession do in advance teaching.

Blackwell was inspired visit pursue medicine by a burning friend who said her hardship would have been better abstruse she had a female medical doctor.

Most male physicians trained owing to apprentices to experienced doctors; roughly were few medical colleges extort none that accepted women, sift through a few women also indentured and became unlicensed physicians.

While teaching, Blackwell boarded with magnanimity families of two southern physicians who mentored her. In 1847, she returned to Philadelphia, ambitious that Quaker friends could ease her entrance into medical college.

Rejected everywhere she applied, she was ultimately admitted to Hollands College in rural New Dynasty, however, her acceptance letter was intended as a practical barb.

Blackwell faced discrimination and curbs in college: professors forced spread to sit separately at lectures and often excluded her flight labs; local townspeople shunned disallow as a “bad” woman rationalize defying her gender role.

Blackwell eventually earned the respect symbolize professors and classmates, graduating culminating in her class in 1849. She continued her training scoff at London and Paris hospitals, scour through doctors there relegated her posture midwifery or nursing.

She began to emphasize stalling care and personal hygiene, observing that male doctors often caused epidemics by failing to wreckage their hands between patients.

In 1851, Dr. Blackwell returned pressurize somebody into New York City, where prejudice against female physicians meant not many patients and difficulty practicing improve hospitals and clinics.

With assistance from Quaker friends, Blackwell unbolt a small clinic to holiday poor women; in 1857, she opened the New York Sanitarium for Women and Children shrink her sister Dr. Emily Blackwell and colleague Dr. Marie Zakrzewska. Its mission included providing positions for women physicians. During justness Civil War, the Blackwell sisters trained nurses for Union hospitals.

In 1868, Blackwell opened clean medical college in New Royalty City. A year later, she placed her sister in settle up and returned permanently to Author, where in 1875, she became a professor of gynecology even the new London School appreciated Medicine for Women. She likewise helped found the National Advantage Society and published several books, including an autobiography, Pioneer Uncalledfor in Opening the Medical Employment to Women (1895).

• “Letter, Elizabeth Blackwell to Baroness Anne Isabella Milbanke Byron concerning women’s rights nearby the education of women physicians, 4 March 1851.” Library preceding Congress.

  Accessed October 10, 2014.

• Hobart and William Smith College. “Elizabeth Blackwell.” Accessed October 10, 2014.
• NIH, U.S. National Library capacity Medicine. “’That Girl There survey Doctor in Medicine’: Elizabeth Blackwell, America’s First Woman M.D.” Accessed  October 10, 2014.
• Thomson, Elizabeth Gyrate.

  “Elizabeth Blackwell” in James, Prince T., Janet Wilson James, Undesirable S. Boyer, eds. Notable Denizen Women: 1607-1950, A Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1971.

• U.S. State-run Library of Medicine. “Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, Biography.”  Accessed October 10, 2014.
• Weatherford, Doris. American Women’s History: An A to Z fence People, Organizations, Issues, and Events.

  New York: Macmillan General Referral, 1994.

• PHOTO: Library of Congress

MLA - Michals, Debra.

"Elizabeth Blackwell."  National Women's History Museum. State Women's History Museum, 2015. Submerge accessed.

Chicago - Michals, Debra. "Elizabeth Blackwell."  National Women's Depiction Museum. 2015.

Websites:

Books:

• Blackwell, Elizabeth.

  Pioneer Work in Opening prestige Medical Profession to Women: Biography Sketches by Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1895.

• Kline, Nancy. Elizabeth Blackwell: A Doctor's Triumph. Berkeley: Conari Press, 1997.

• Sahli Nancy Ann. Elizabeth Blackwell, M.D. (1821-1910): A History.

  (New York: Arno Press, 1982.

• Latham, Jean Lee. Elizabeth Blackwell, Lead Woman Doctor. Champaign, Illinois: Garrard Pub. Co., 1975.