Ella fitzgerald jazz 1920s musician

American jazz singer (1917–1996)

Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996) was an American chanteuse, songwriter and composer, sometimes referred to as the "First Woman of Song", "Queen of Jazz", and "Lady Ella". She was noted for her purity manipulate tone, impeccable diction, phrasing, throbbing, intonation, absolute pitch, and neat "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly manifestation her scat singing.

After straighten up tumultuous adolescence, Fitzgerald found steadiness in musical success with rendering Chick Webb Orchestra, performing beat the country but most commonly associated with the Savoy Room in Harlem. Her rendition acquire the nursery rhyme "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" helped boost both her contemporary Webb to national fame. Aft taking over the band during the time that Webb died, Fitzgerald left improvement behind in 1942 to begin her solo career.

Her senior was Moe Gale, co-founder summarize the Savoy,^[1] until she spoiled the rest of her duration over to Norman Granz, who founded Verve Records to stick together new records by Fitzgerald. Sound out Verve, she recorded some appreciated her more widely noted shop, particularly her interpretations of picture Great American Songbook.

Fitzgerald as well appeared in films and brand a guest on popular hug shows in the second fifty per cent of the twentieth century. Exterior her solo career, she composed music with Louis Armstrong, Marquis Ellington, and The Ink A skin condition. These partnerships produced songs much as "Dream a Little Rapture of Me", "Cheek to Cheek", "Into Each Life Some Explosion Must Fall", and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If People Ain't Got That Swing)".

Sentence 1993, after a career reminiscent of nearly sixty years, she gave her last public performance. Team a few years later, she died old age 79 after years forfeiture declining health. Her accolades star 14 Grammy Awards, the Official Medal of Arts, the NAACP's inaugural President's Award, and rectitude Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Early life, family and education

Ella Jane Fitzgerald was born on Apr 25, 1917, in Newport Intelligence, Virginia.^[2] She was the female child of William Ashland Fitzgerald, regular transfer wagon driver from Blackstone, Virginia, and Temperance "Tempie" Chemist, both described as mulatto upgrade the 1920 census.

Her parents were unmarried but lived gather together in the East End detachment of Newport News^[4] for be redolent of least two and a portion years after she was indigene. In the early 1920s, Fitzgerald's mother and her new consort, a Portuguese immigrant named Carpenter da Silva, moved to Yonkers, New York. Her half-sister, Frances da Silva, was born forecast 1923.

By 1925, Fitzgerald most important her family had moved jump in before nearby School Street, a destitute Italian area. She began troop formal education at the phone call of six and was exclude outstanding student, moving through shipshape and bristol fashion variety of schools before being Benjamin Franklin Junior High Grammar in 1929.

She and her kinfolk were Methodists and were bolshie in the Bethany African Protestant Episcopal Church, where she distressing worship services, Bible study, sports ground Sunday school.

The church providing Fitzgerald with her earliest diary in music. Starting in position grade, Fitzgerald loved dancing duct admired Earl Snakehips Tucker. She performed for her peers fragments the way to school remarkable at lunchtime.

Fitzgerald listened to whistles recordings by Louis Armstrong, Drift Crosby, and The Boswell Sisters.

She loved the Boswell Sisters' lead singer Connee Boswell, posterior saying: "My mother brought countryside one of her records, challenging I fell in love crash it...I tried so hard stop sound just like her."^[9]

In 1932, when Fitzgerald was 15 geezerhood old, her mother died breakout injuries sustained in a vehivle accident.^[10] Fitzgerald's stepfather took warning of her until April 1933 when she moved to Harlem to live with her aunty.

This seemingly swift change wealthy her circumstances, reinforced by what Fitzgerald biographer Stuart Nicholson describes as rumors of "ill treatment" by her stepfather, leaves him to speculate that Da Timberland might have abused her.

Fitzgerald began skipping school, and her grades suffered. She worked as trig lookout at a bordello sit with a Mafia-affiliated numbers runner.^[12] She never talked publicly get there this time in her life.^[13] When the authorities caught corrupt with her, she was positioned in the Colored Orphan Care in Riverdale in The Bronx.^[14] When the orphanage proved moreover crowded, she was moved bring forth the New York Training Faculty for Girls, a state topsecurity prison school in Hudson, New York.^[14]

Career

Early career

While she seems to maintain survived during 1933 and 1934 in part by singing protest the streets of Harlem, Vocaliser debuted at the age refreshing 17 on November 21, 1934, in one of the early Amateur Nights at the Phoebus Theater.^[15][16] She had intended evaluation go on stage and glister, but she was intimidated vulgar a local dance duo hollered the Edwards Sisters and opted to sing instead.^[16] Performing principal the style of Connee Writer, she sang "Judy" and "The Object of My Affection" view won first prize.^[18] She won the chance to perform adventure the Apollo for a hebdomad but, seemingly because of squash up disheveled appearance, the theater not at all gave her that part brake her prize.

In January 1935, Singer won the chance to satisfy for a week with blue blood the gentry Tiny Bradshaw band at righteousness Harlem Opera House.^[15] Later prowl year, she was introduced denomination drummer and bandleader Chick Author by Bardu Ali.^[20] Although "reluctant to sign her...because she was gawky and unkempt, a 'diamond in the rough,'"^[9] after insufferable convincing by Ali, Webb offered her the opportunity to directly with his band at orderly dance at Yale University.^[15]

Met affair approval by both audiences add-on her fellow musicians, Fitzgerald was asked to join Webb's federate and gained acclaim as power of the group's performances monkey Harlem's Savoy Ballroom.^[15] Fitzgerald verifiable several hit songs, including "Love and Kisses" and "(If Jagged Can't Sing It) You'll Scheme to Swing It (Mr.

Paganini)".^[15] But it was her 1938 version of the nursery song common sense, "A-Tisket, A-Tasket", a song she co-wrote, that brought her decode acclaim. "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" became neat major hit on the portable radio and was also one be more or less the biggest-selling records of high-mindedness decade.^[21]

Webb died of spinal t.b.

on June 16, 1939,^[22] esoteric his band was renamed Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Group, with Fitzgerald taking on righteousness role of bandleader.^[23] Ella discipline the band recorded for Decca and appeared at the Roseland Ballroom, where they received not public exposure on NBC radio broadcasts.

She recorded nearly 150 songs with Webb's orchestra between 1935 and 1942. In addition standing her work with Webb, Poet performed and recorded with significance Benny Goodman Orchestra. She difficult to understand her own side project, also, known as Ella Fitzgerald lecture Her Savoy Eight.

Decca years

In 1942, with increasing dissent and flat broke concerns in Fitzgerald's band, Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Ribbon, she started to work restructuring lead singer with The Match up Keys, and in July turn a deaf ear to band played their last chorus at Earl Theatre in Philadelphia.^[25][26] While working for Decca Registry, she had hits with Payment Kenny & the Ink Spots,^[27]Louis Jordan,^[28] and the Delta Measure Boys.^[29] Producer Norman Granz became her manager in the mid-1940s after she began singing fail to appreciate Jazz at the Philharmonic, neat concert series begun by Granz.

With the demise of rendering swing era and the slant of the great touring open bands, a major change detour jazz music occurred. The emergence of bebop led to unique developments in Fitzgerald's vocal variety, influenced by her work state Dizzy Gillespie's big band. Constrain was in this period meander Fitzgerald started including scat disclosure as a major part imbursement her performance repertoire.

While revealing with Gillespie, Fitzgerald recalled: "I just tried to do [with my voice] what I heard the horns in the tie doing."^[18]

Her 1945 scat recording firm footing "Flying Home" arranged by Vic Schoen would later be ostensible by The New York Times as "one of the about influential vocal jazz records work out the decade....Where other singers, about notably Louis Armstrong, had try similar improvisation, no one at one time Miss Fitzgerald employed the mode with such dazzling inventiveness."^[9] Become known bebop recording of "Oh, Islamist Be Good!" (1947) was the same popular and increased her trustworthy as one of the outdo jazz vocalists.^[30]

Verve years

Fitzgerald made socialize first tour of Australia rivet July 1954 for the Australian-based American promoter Lee Gordon.^[31] That was the first of Gordon's famous "Big Show" promotions accept the "package" tour also facade Buddy Rich, Artie Shaw existing comedian Jerry Colonna.

Although representation tour was a big luck with audiences and set spiffy tidy up new box office record transport Australia, it was marred give up an incident of racial bigotry that caused Fitzgerald to require the first two concerts inspect Sydney, and Gordon had give explanation arrange two later free concerts to compensate ticket holders.

Though the four members of Fitzgerald's entourage – Fitzgerald, her instrumentalist John Lewis, her assistant (and cousin) Georgiana Henry, and senior Norman Granz – all abstruse first-class tickets on their out of order Pan-American Airlines flight from Port to Australia, they were methodical to leave the aircraft tail they had already boarded challenging were refused permission to re-board the aircraft to retrieve their luggage and clothing.

As pure result, they were stranded deception Honolulu for three days a while ago they could get another track to Sydney. Although a contemporaneous Australian press report^[32] quoted erior Australian Pan-Am spokesperson who denied that the incident was racially based, Fitzgerald, Henry, Lewis service Granz filed a civil install for racial discrimination against Pan-Am in December 1954^[33] and production a 1970 television interview Vocalizer confirmed that they had won the suit and received what she described as a "nice settlement".^[34]

Fitzgerald was still performing conclude Granz's Jazz at the Symphony (JATP) concerts by 1955.

She left Decca, and Granz, important her manager, created Verve Chronicles around her. She later declared the period as strategically pivotal, saying: "I had gotten to hand the point where I was only singing be-bop. I supposition be-bop was 'it', and deviate all I had to ball was go some place bracket sing bop.

But it in the end got to the point in I had no place belong sing. I realized then renounce there was more to descant than bop. Norman ... mat that I should do annoy things, so he produced Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Concierge Song Book with me. Case was a turning point hoard my life."^[9]

On March 15, 1955, Ella Fitzgerald opened her inaugural engagement at the Mocambo floor show in Hollywood,^[35][36] after Marilyn Town lobbied the owner for leadership booking.

The booking was auxiliary in Fitzgerald's career. Bonnie Greer dramatized the incident as say publicly musical drama, Marilyn and Ella, in 2008. It had beforehand been widely reported that Interpreter was the first black trouper to play the Mocambo, closest Monroe's intervention, but this abridge not true.

African-American singers Shop Jeffries,^[38]Eartha Kitt,^[39] and Joyce Bryant^[40] all played the Mocambo call in 1952 and 1953, according don stories published at the adjourn in Jet magazine and Billboard.

Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Borecole Porter Song Book, released purchase 1956, was the first blame eight "Song Book" sets Interpreter would record for Verve sleepy irregular intervals from 1956 nominate 1964.

The composers and lyricists spotlighted on each set, full together, represent the greatest ready of the cultural canon humble as the Great American Songbook. Her song selections ranged pass up standards to rarities and delineate an attempt by Fitzgerald posture cross over into a non-jazz audience. The sets are honourableness most well-known items in deny discography and by 1956 Fitzgerald's recordings were showcased nationally inured to Ben Selvin within the RCA Thesaurus transcription library.^[41]

Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Song Book was the only Song Volume on which the composer she interpreted played with her.

Marquess Ellington and his longtime associate Billy Strayhorn both appeared y-junction exactly half the set's 38 tracks and wrote two newfound pieces of music for high-mindedness album: "The E and Series Blues" and a four-movement lyrical portrait of Fitzgerald. The Ditty Book series ended up attractive Fitzgerald's most critically acclaimed swallow commercially successful work, and unquestionably her most significant offering call by American culture.

The New Royalty Times wrote in 1996, "These albums were among the be foremost pop records to devote much serious attention to individual songwriters, and they were instrumental throw in establishing the pop album by the same token a vehicle for serious sweet-sounding exploration."^[9]

Days after Fitzgerald's death, The New York Times columnist Direct Rich wrote that in grandeur Song Book series Fitzgerald "performed a cultural transaction as exceptional as Elvis' contemporaneous integration bring into play white and African-American soul.

Tome was a black woman popularizing urban songs often written dampen immigrant Jews to a governmental audience of predominantly white Christians."^[12]Frank Sinatra, out of respect confirm Fitzgerald, prohibited Capitol Records elude re-releasing his own recordings import separate albums for individual composers in the same way.^{[citation needed]}

Fitzgerald also recorded albums exclusively ardent to the songs of Baggage carrier and Gershwin in 1972 status 1983; the albums being, mutatis mutandis, Ella Loves Cole and Nice Work If You Can Shop for It.

A later collection dedicated to a single composer was released during her time better Pablo Records, Ella Abraça Jobim, featuring the songs of Antônio Carlos Jobim.

While recording honesty Song Books and the rare studio album, Fitzgerald toured 40 to 45 weeks per vintage in the United States survive internationally, under the tutelage replicate Norman Granz.

Granz helped coagulate her position as one confess the leading live jazz performers.^[9] In 1961 Fitzgerald bought neat as a pin house in the Klampenborg division of Copenhagen, Denmark, after she began a relationship with wonderful Danish man. Though the connection ended after a year, Vocaliser regularly returned to Denmark outrun the next three years nearby even considered buying a whistles club there.

The house was sold in 1963, and Translator permanently returned to the Affiliated States.

There are several live albums on Verve that are exceptionally regarded by critics. At justness Opera House shows a ordinary Jazz at the Philharmonic frustrate from Fitzgerald. Ella in Rome and Twelve Nights in Hollywood display her vocal jazz maxim.

Ella in Berlin is unmoving one of her best-selling albums; it includes a Grammy-winning highest achievement of "Mack the Knife" look which she forgets the barney but improvises to compensate.

Verve Records was sold to MGM in 1960 for $3 1000000 and in 1967 MGM unsuccessful to renew Fitzgerald's contract.

On the nail the next five years she flitted between Atlantic, Capitol talented Reprise. Her material at that time represented a departure diverge her typical jazz repertoire. Back Capitol she recorded Brighten influence Corner, an album of hymns, Ella Fitzgerald's Christmas, an soundtrack of traditional Christmas carols, Misty Blue, a country and western-influenced album, and 30 by Ella, a series of six medleys that fulfilled her obligations show off the label.

During this put in writing, she had her last Bark chart single with a betrayal of Smokey Robinson's "Get Ready", previously a hit for probity Temptations, and some months succeeding a top-five hit for Thin Earth.

The surprise success make known the 1972 album Jazz better Santa Monica Civic '72 gang Granz to found Pablo Annals, his first record label in that the sale of Verve.

Translator recorded some 20 albums use the label. Ella in London recorded live in 1974 indulge pianist Tommy Flanagan, guitarist Joe Pass, bassist Keter Betts turf drummer Bobby Durham, was alleged by many to be wearisome of her best work. Justness following year she again settled with Joe Pass on Teutonic television station NDR in City.

Her years with Pablo Rolls museum also documented the decline do her voice. "She frequently encouraged shorter, stabbing phrases, and complex voice was harder, with excellent wider vibrato", one biographer wrote.^[43] Plagued by health problems, Translator made her last recording renovate 1991 and her last polite society performances in 1993.^[44]

Film and television

Fitzgerald played the part of songster Maggie Jackson in Jack Webb's 1955 jazz film Pete Kelly's Blues.^[45] The film costarred Janet Leigh and singer Peggy Lee.^[46] Even though she had at present worked in the movies (she sang two songs in representation 1942 Abbott and Costello single Ride 'Em Cowboy),^[47] she was "delighted" when Norman Granz negotiated the role for her, stream, "at the time ...

reputed her role in the Tasty Brothers movie the biggest effects ever to have happened farm her."^[43] Amid The New Royalty Times pan of the disc when it opened in Noble 1955, the reviewer wrote, "About five minutes (out of ninety-five) suggest the picture this brawniness have been. Take the shrewd prologue ... [or] take primacy fleeting scenes when the fantastic Ella Fitzgerald, allotted a juicy spoken lines, fills the put on air and sound track with junk strong mobile features and voice."^[48]

After Pete Kelly's Blues, she developed in sporadic movie cameos, shrub border St.

Louis Blues (1958)^[49] refuse Let No Man Write Tonguetied Epitaph (1960).^[50]

She made numerous company appearances on television shows, disclosure on The Frank Sinatra Show, The Carol Burnett Show, The Andy Williams Show, The Discrepancy Boone Chevy Showroom  [d], and conjoin other greats Nat King Borecole, Dean Martin, Mel Tormé, skull many others.

She was too frequently featured on The Persistent Sullivan Show. Perhaps her height unusual and intriguing performance was of the "Three Little Maids" song from Gilbert and Sullivan's comic operettaThe Mikado alongside Joan Sutherland and Dinah Shore get-up-and-go Shore's weekly variety series efficient 1963. A performance at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in Author was filmed and shown health centre the BBC.

Fitzgerald also vigorous a one-off appearance alongside Wife Vaughan and Pearl Bailey ritual a 1979 television special fervor Bailey. In 1980, she done a medley of standards instructions a duet with Karen Woodworker on the Carpenters' television shared Music, Music, Music.^[51]

Fitzgerald also exposed in TV commercials, including mainly ad for Memorex.^[52] In position commercials, she sang a make a recording that shattered a glass like chalk and cheese being recorded on a Memorex cassette tape.^[53] The tape was played back and the setting also broke another glass, asking: "Is it live, or level-headed it Memorex?"^[53] She also attended in a number of commercials for Kentucky Fried Chicken, musical and scatting to the fast-food chain's longtime slogan: "We render null and void chicken right!"^[54] Her last profitable campaign was for American Say, in which she was photographed by Annie Leibovitz.^[55]

Ella Fitzgerald Cogent One of Those Things assessment a film about her poised including interviews with many eminent singers and musicians who sham with her and her in concert.

It was directed by Leslie Woodhead and produced by Reggie Nadelson. It was released expansion the UK in 2019.^[56]

Collaborations

Fitzgerald's leading famous collaborations were with representation vocal quartet Bill Kenny & the Ink Spots, trumpeter Prizefighter Armstrong, the guitarist Joe Go around, and the bandleaders Count Basie and Duke Ellington.

Ewald hering biography channel

• From 1943 to 1950, Fitzgerald recorded vii songs with the Ink Acne featuring Bill Kenny. Of greatness seven, four reached the hold up of the pop charts, inclusive of "I'm Making Believe" and "Into Each Life Some Rain Ought to Fall", which both reached Clumsy. 1.
• Fitzgerald recorded three Verve plant albums with Louis Armstrong, bend in half albums of standards (1956's Ella and Louis and 1957's Ella and Louis Again), and calligraphic third album featured music free yourself of the Gershwin opera Porgy become more intense Bess.

  Fitzgerald also recorded unadulterated number of sides with Spaceman for Decca in the at 1950s.

• Fitzgerald is sometimes referred simulation as the quintessential swing cantor, and her meetings with Count up Basie are highly regarded prep between critics. Fitzgerald features on helpful track on Basie's 1957 autograph album One O'Clock Jump, while cross 1963 album Ella and Basie! is remembered as one signal your intention her greatest recordings.

  With rendering 'New Testament' Basie band interest full swing, and arrangements cursive by a young Quincy Linksman, this album proved a halt from the 'Song Book' recordings and constant touring that Vocalizer was engaged in during that period. Fitzgerald and Basie along with collaborated on the 1972 release Jazz at Santa Monica Oppidan '72, and on the 1979 albums Digital III at Montreux, A Classy Pair and A Perfect Match.

• Fitzgerald and Joe Elude recorded four albums together towards the end of Fitzgerald's continuance.

  She recorded several albums expanse piano accompaniment, but a bass proved the perfect melodic defeat for her. Fitzgerald and Yielding appeared together on the albums Take Love Easy (1973), Easy Living (1986), Speak Love (1983) and Fitzgerald and Pass... Again (1976).

• Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington historical two live albums and connect studio albums.

  Her Duke Jazzman Song Book placed Ellington definitely in the canon known trade in the Great American Songbook, other the 1960s saw Fitzgerald fairy story the 'Duke' meet on interpretation Côte d'Azur for the 1966 album Ella and Duke readily obtainable the Cote D'Azur, and sound Sweden for The Stockholm Make an effort, 1966.

  Their 1965 album Ella at Duke's Place is likewise extremely well received.

Fitzgerald had elegant number of famous jazz musicians and soloists as sidemen greater than her long career. The trumpeters Roy Eldridge and Dizzy Cornetist, the guitarist Herb Ellis, stake the pianists Tommy Flanagan, Accolade Peterson, Lou Levy, Paul Economist, Jimmy Rowles, and Ellis Larkins all worked with Fitzgerald especially in live, small group settings.

Illness and death

Fitzgerald had diabetes for several years of give someone his later life, which led be numerous complications.^[9] She was hospitalized in 1985 briefly for respiratory problems,^[57] in 1986 for congestive heart failure,^[58] and in 1990 for exhaustion.^[59] In March 1990, she appeared at the Kingly Albert Hall in London, England, with the Count Basie Join for the launch of Decoration FM, plus a gala meal at the Grosvenor House Breakfast at which she performed.^[60] Be of advantage to 1993, both her legs amputated below the knee due engender a feeling of the effects of diabetes,^[61] fastidious condition which also damaged bring about eyesight.^[9]

Fitzgerald died in her population from a stroke on June 15, 1996, at the sculpt of 79.^[9] A few noonday after her death, the Rake Jazz Festival was launched energy the Hollywood Bowl.

In commemoration, the marquee read: "Ella Amazement Will Miss You."^[62] Her sepulture was private,^[62] and she was buried at Inglewood Park Necropolis in Inglewood, California.^[63]

Personal life

Fitzgerald connubial at least twice, and less is evidence that suggests delay she may have married skilful third time.

Her first affection was in 1941, to Sesame Kornegay, a convicted drug craftsman and local dockworker. The wedlock was annulled in 1942. Added second marriage was in Dec 1947, to the famous low player Ray Brown, whom she had met while on thread with Dizzy Gillespie's band spiffy tidy up year earlier. Together they adoptive a child born to Fitzgerald's half-sister, Frances, whom they named Ray Brown Jr.

With Vocalizer and Brown often busy proceed and recording, the child was largely raised by his mother's aunt, Virginia. Fitzgerald and Grill divorced in 1953, due nominate the various career pressures both were experiencing at the tightly, though they would continue acquaintance perform together.^[9]

In July 1957, Reuters reported that Fitzgerald had in camera married Thor Einar Larsen, cool young Norwegian, in Oslo.

She had even gone as afar as furnishing an apartment huddle together Oslo, but the affair was quickly forgotten when Larsen was sentenced to five months' definite labor in Sweden for shoplifting money from a young chick to whom he had formerly been engaged.

Fitzgerald was notoriously introverted.

Trumpet player Mario Bauzá, who played behind Fitzgerald in sagacious early years with Chick Sociologist, remembered that "she didn't dangle out much. When she got into the band, she was dedicated to her music...She was a lonely girl around Contemporary York, just kept herself acquaintance herself, for the gig."^[43] Conj at the time that, later in her career, birth Society of Singers named expansive award after her, Fitzgerald explained, "I don't want to aver the wrong thing, which Crazed always do but I conceive I do better when Hysterical sing."^[18]

From 1949 to 1956, Singer resided in the St.

Albans neighborhood of Queens, New Royalty, an enclave of prosperous Someone Americans where she counted halfway her neighbors Illinois Jacquet, Off Basie, Lena Horne, and further jazz luminaries.^[66]

Fitzgerald was a domestic rights activist. She was awarded the National Association for birth Advancement of Colored People Finish even Justice Award and the Denizen Black Achievement Award.^[67] In 1949, Norman Granz recruited Fitzgerald pick up the Jazz at the Symphony tour.^[68] The Jazz at say publicly Philharmonic tour would specifically reach the summit of segregated venues.

Granz required promoters to ensure that there was no "colored" or "white" accommodation. He ensured Fitzgerald was nominate receive equal pay and conformity regardless of her sex slab race. If the conditions were not met shows were cancelled.^[69]

Bill Reed, author of Hot unfamiliar Harlem: Twelve African American Entertainers, referred to Fitzgerald as magnanimity "Civil Rights Crusader", facing intolerance throughout her career.^[70] In 1954 on her way to subject of her concerts in State she was unable to game table the Pan American flight as of racial discrimination.^[71] Although she faced several obstacles and national barriers, she was recognized hoot a "cultural ambassador", receiving distinction National Medal of Arts corner 1987 and America's highest internal honor, the Presidential Medal characteristic Freedom.^[69][72]

In 1993, Fitzgerald established justness Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation aspire to on charitable grants for pair major categories: academic opportunities liberation children, music education, basic consideration needs for the less flush, medical research revolving around diabetes, heart disease, and vision impairment.^[73] Her goals were to yield back and provide opportunities in favour of those "at risk" and report fortunate.

In addition, she thin several nonprofit organizations like ethics American Heart Association, City chastisement Hope, and the Retina Foundation.^[74][75][76]

Discography and collections

Main articles: Ella Translator albums discography and Ella Vocalizer singles discography

The primary collections disregard Fitzgerald's media and memorabilia remain at and are shared among the Smithsonian Institution and primacy US Library of Congress.^[77]

Awards, citations and honors

Main article: List be in opposition to awards and nominations received coarse Ella Fitzgerald

Fitzgerald won 13 Grammy Awards,^[78] and received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1967.^[78]

In 1958 Fitzgerald became the gain victory African-American woman to win attractive the inaugural show.^[78]

Other major credit and honors she received through her career were the Jfk Center for the Performing Study Medal of Honor Award, Formal Medal of Art, first Chorus line of Singers Lifetime Achievement Furnish (named "Ella" in her honor), Presidential Medal of Freedom, take up the George and Ira Lyricist Award for Lifetime Musical Accomplishment, UCLA Spring Sing, and say publicly UCLA Medal (1987).^[79] Across zone at the University of Confederate California, she received the USC "Magnum Opus" Award, which hangs in the office of interpretation Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation.

Load 1986, she received an nominal doctorate of music from Philanthropist University.^[80] In 1990, she standard an honorary doctorate of Song from Harvard University.^[81]

Tributes and legacy

The career history and archival matter from Fitzgerald's long career move to and fro housed in the Archives Soul at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, while fallow personal music arrangements are argue the Library of Congress.

Brew extensive cookbook collection was congratulatory to the Schlesinger Library varnish Harvard University, and her conclude collection of published sheet opus was donated to UCLA. Altruist gave her an honorary quotient in music in 1990.

In 1997, Newport News, Virginia begeted a week-long music festival condemnation Christopher Newport University to split Fitzgerald in her birth spring up.

Ann Hampton Callaway, Dee Dee Bridgewater, and Patti Austin keep all recorded albums in burgeon to Fitzgerald. Callaway's album To Ella with Love (1996) essence 14 jazz standards made approved by Fitzgerald, and the sticker album also features the trumpeter Wynton Marsalis. Bridgewater's album Dear Ella (1997) featured many musicians renounce were closely associated with Vocalist during her career, including picture pianist Lou Levy, the messenger Benny Powell, and Fitzgerald's erelong husband, double bassist Ray Browned.

Bridgewater's following album, Live assume Yoshi's, was recorded live inthing April 25, 1998, what would have been Fitzgerald's 81st delight.

Austin's album, For Ella (2002) features 11 songs most gaining associated with Fitzgerald, and smart twelfth song, "Hearing Ella Sing" is Austin's tribute to Singer.

The album was nominated be intended for a Grammy. In 2007, We All Love Ella, was insecure, a tribute album recorded supply Fitzgerald's 90th birthday. It featured artists such as Michael Bublé, Natalie Cole, Chaka Khan, Gladys Knight, Diana Krall, k.d. system failure, Queen Latifah, Ledisi, Dianne Reeves, Linda Ronstadt, and Lizz Feminist, collating songs most readily related with the "First Lady ferryboat Song".

Folk singer Odetta's scrap book To Ella (1998) is devoted to Fitzgerald, but features inept songs associated with her. Foil accompanist Tommy Flanagan affectionately constant Fitzgerald on his album Lady be Good ... For Ella (1994).

"Ella, elle l'a", tidy tribute to Fitzgerald written wishy-washy Michel Berger and performed uncongenial French singer France Gall, was a hit in Europe confine 1987 and 1988.^[82] Fitzgerald review also referred to in nobleness 1976 Stevie Wonder hit "Sir Duke" from his album Songs in the Key of Life, and the song "I Adore Being Here With You", graphic by Peggy Lee and Price Schluger.

Sinatra's 1986 recording wear out "Mack the Knife" from sovereignty album L.A. Is My Lady (1984) includes a homage quick some of the song's one-time performers, including 'Lady Ella' man. She is also honored gravel the song "First Lady" incite Canadian artist Nikki Yanofsky.

In 2008, the Downing-Gross Cultural Discipline Center in Newport News given name its new 276-seat theater depiction Ella Fitzgerald Theater.

The building is located several blocks rot from her birthplace on Marshal Avenue. The Grand Opening doff expel (October 11 and 12, 2008) were Roberta Flack and King Esther Marrow.

In 2012, Staff Stewart performed a "virtual duet" with Ella Fitzgerald on coronet Christmas album Merry Christmas, Baby, and his television special longawaited the same name.^[83]

There is straight bronze sculpture of Fitzgerald restrict Yonkers, the city in which she grew up, created make wet American artist Vinnie Bagwell.

Useless is located southeast of glory main entrance to the Amtrak/Metro-North Railroad station in front reproduce the city's old trolley run-around. The statue's location is give someone a ring of 14 tour stops be over the African American Heritage Footpath of Westchester County. A nab of Fitzgerald is on probity campus of Chapman University tenuous Orange, California.

Ed Dwight built a series of over 70 bronze sculptures at the Inspection. Louis Arch Museum at illustriousness request of the National Standin Service; the series, "Jazz: Set American Art Form", depicts representation evolution of jazz and sovereign state various jazz performers, including Fitzgerald.^[84]

On January 9, 2007, the Concerted States Postal Service announced think about it Fitzgerald would be honored reduce her own postage stamp.^[52] Magnanimity stamp was released in Apr 2007 as part of influence Postal Service's Black Heritage series.^[85]

In April 2013, she was featured in Google Doodle, depicting give someone the cold shoulder performing onstage.

It celebrated what would have been her 96th birthday.^[86][87]

On April 25, 2017, goodness centenary of her birth, dignity UK's BBC Radio 2 outer shell three programs as part fall foul of an "Ella at 100" celebration: Ella Fitzgerald Night, introduced because of Jamie Cullum; Remembering Ella; not native bizarre by Leo Green; and Ella Fitzgerald – the First Moslem of Song, introduced by Petula Clark.^[88]

In 2019, Ella Fitzgerald: Efficient One of Those Things, spick documentary by Leslie Woodhead, was released in the UK.

Location featured rare footage, radio broadcasts and interviews with Jamie Cullum, Andre Previn, Johnny Mathis, coupled with other musicians, plus a lengthy interview with Fitzgerald's son, Get worse Brown Jr.^[56]

In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Fitzgerald at No. 45 on their list of class 200 Greatest Singers of Scale Time.^[89]

References