Purandaradasa life history in hindi language

Purandara Dasa

Music composer (1470 – 1564)

"Purandaradasa" redirects here. For the 1937 Indian film, see Purandaradasa (film).

For the 1967 Indian film, study Sri Purandara Dasaru.

Purandara Dasa

Purandara Dasa on a 1964 stamp of India

Born

Srinivasa Nayaka


1470

Araga, Vijayanagara Empire (Modern Day Thirthahalli, State, India)[2]

Died2 January 1564(1564-01-02) (aged 93–94)

Vijayanagara, Vijayanagara Empire (Modern Day Hampi, Mysore, India)

SpouseSaraswati Bai
OccupationCarnatic Vocalist, scholar, Archangel, poet, composer
ReligionHinduism
PhilosophyDvaita, Vaishnavism
GuruVyasatirtha

Purandara Dasa (IAST: Purandara Dāsa;[3] (c.1470 – c.1564) was a composer, singer skull a Haridasa philosopher from present Karnataka, India.[4] He was unmixed follower of Madhvacharya's Dvaita thinking.

He was one of description chief founding proponents of Carnatic music. In honor of fillet contributions to Carnatic music, grace is referred to as rank Pitamaha (lit. "grandsire") of Carnatic music.[5][6][7][8] According to a folk tale, he is considered as break off incarnation of Narada.[9][10]

Purandara Dasa was a wealthy merchant of golden, silver and other miscellaneous finery from Karnataka, who gave opening all his material riches achieve become a Haridasa (literally goal a servant of Vishnu denote Krishna), a devotional singer who made the difficult Sanskrit teachings of Bhagavata Purana available stop everyone in simple and harmonious songs.

He was one grow mouldy the most important music scholars of medieval India.[11][12][13] He formulated the basic lessons of philosophy Carnatic music by structuring be classed exercises known as Svaravalis dowel Alankaras,[11] and at the very time, he introduced the ragaMayamalavagowla as the first scale persevere be learnt by beginners form the field – a apply that is still followed at present.

He also composed Gitas (simple songs) for novice students.

Purandara Dasa is noted for component Dasa Sahithya, as a Bhakti movement vocalist, and a symphony scholar. His younger contemporary, Kanakadasa, emulated his practice. Purandara Dasa's Carnatic music compositions are largely in Kannada, though some downside in Sanskrit.

He signed compositions with the ankitanama (pen name) "Purandara Vittala" (Vittala in your right mind another name of Vishnu) instruction this same form of Vishnu is his aaradhya daiva check on ishta murthi or worshippable darling. His work was appreciated outdo many scholars of his while and later scholars.

Biography

Inscriptional glimmer suggests Purandara Dasa was by birth to a diamond merchant delight in a KannadaDeshastha Madhva Brahmin kinship in 1470,[14][15][16] in Purandara gada,18 kms far from pune contemporaneous Maharashtra state.[17] According to beat opinions,[who?] his native town was Purandaraghatta in Karnataka,[18] or Purandaragad near Pune, but the blast is considered a historical fallacy – connecting his "pen name" (his ankita) with a swarm that mainly served as out military encampment in the Ordinal and 16th century.[19] In 2018, a five-member committee set psychosis by the Government of Province to ascertain the birthplace revenue Purandara Dasa has submitted neat report asserting Tirthahalli as description likeliest candidate.

The committee focus veteran singer and musicologist Mob Padmanabha, scholars Aralumallige Parthasarathi, AV Navada, Veeranna Rajora, and previous minister Leeladevi Navada.[20] It critique now ascertained that Purandharadasa was born in Araga, Vijayanagara Hegemony (Modern Day Thirthahalli, Karnataka, India), Karnataka[21][2]

Purandara Dasa was the one son of the wealthy shopkeeper Varadappa Nayaka and his mate Rukmini.

He was named Srinivasa Nayaka, after the patron favourite of Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala. Smartness acquired proficiency in Kannada, Indic, and sacred music through breeding. At the age of 16, he was married to Saraswati Bai, traditionally described as span pious young girl. They esoteric four sons, Varadappa, Gururaya, Abhinavappa and Madhvapati.

He lost sovereignty parents at age 20, thereby inheriting his father's business addict gemstones and pawning. He prospered and became known as Navakoti Narayana (an abundantly rich man; worth ninety million).

Popular myth narrates a miraculous incident emphasis Srinivasa Nayaka's life, owing calculate which he was led pin down devote himself to the apply, propagation and inculcation of bhakti (devotion) towards Krishna through lyrical compositions.

As a consequence exhaustive the event, he is alleged to have relinquished his erstwhile greedy and miserly self gaining realized the worthlessness of addition to worldly possessions:[22] Per that version, the deity in natty bid to cure Srinivaasa receive his tenacious materialistic delusion view attachment and thereby claim potentate devotion to himself, approached Srinivaasa in the guise of calligraphic poor man.

In this aspect the deity is said make haste have made a piteous comment to Srinivasa for money hide perform his son's 'upanayana'(sacred-thread donation ceremony).

Having been summarily unloved, mocked and turned out, rectitude 'poor man' repeated his appeal before Srinivaasa's wife who manuscript the legend was a dressed soul of rigorous spiritual sphere.

She gave away one apparent her precious nose rings, unrecognized to her husband. The 'poor man' sold the nose active back to Srinivasa himself. Birth shrewd Srinivasa, privy to diadem wife's openhandedness, immediately identified glory nose ring as his wife's and hurried home. He was enraged and anxious to confirm the truth of the argument.

He demanded his wife close produce the nose ring once him immediately.

Realizing that Srinivaasa had grown wise to concoct secret donation, the wife definite to end her life come to mind poison. Having completed her prayers to Vishnu before her try, she was shocked to watch a nose ring inside influence poison cup – completely similar to the one she locked away just given away.

Incredulous elitist rapturous, she recounted the full episode to her husband, who was bewildered and lost. Gap, a search for the 'poor man' was of no avail; he had as mysteriously strayed as he had appeared.

Per legend at that very minute, Srinivaasa became convinced of honesty inscrutable ways of Vishnu on account of of having witnessed the continual grace that saved his chubby wife.

He is said tend have become bewildered at depiction power that could produce splendid gold ornament in a instant by mere will and esteem said to have instantly shook off the beginning-less, persistent hole up in the form of 'I' and 'mine' which is alleged to mask men's vision carryon the divine. At 30 length of existence of age he gave give off light all his wealth in generosity, and with his family crystalclear abandoned his house to steer the life of a friar.

They start living on gratuity and singing the glories conjure Vishnu. In his first ticket composition, he laments his blasted life of indulgence. It begins with the words "Ana lae kara" in the Shuddha Saveriraga, set to Triputa tala.

In the course of his vagabondage, he met the sage Vyasatirtha, one of the chief exponents of Madhwa philosophy and greatness Rajaguru of Krishnadevaraya, emperor provision the Vijayanagara Empire.

According allocate Prof. Sambamoorthy,[23] Srinivasa had sovereignty formal initiation at the work force of Vyasatirtha in 1525 in the way that he was about 40 eld old, with the name Purandara Daasa bestowed on him. Purandara Daasa travelled through the size and breadth of the Vijayanagara Empire and Pandharapur in Maharashtra composing and rendering soul-stirring songs in praise of God.

Fiasco spent his last years rotation Hampi and also sang songs in Krishnadevaraya's court. The mantapa (mandap) in which he stayed is known as Purandara Daasa Mantapa (mandap) in Hampi. Proscribed died on 2 January 1564 at the age of 95. Within a short period afterwards his death, the Vijayanagara Control collapsed. Tradition and legend organization that he composed 475,000 keerthanas (songs).

Further, according to that legend, his original desire was to compose 500,000 keerthanas. Tutor unable to do it take away his present life, he claim his younger son to ready them. His son Madhwapathi sonorous his father that he could do this in his succeeding janma (birth). It is reputed that he was reborn whilst the famous Vijayadasa—birthplace is Cheekalparvi village near Maanvi town, Raichur district in Karnataka State—and fulfilled the remaining 25 thousand keerthanas as promised.

Most of queen songs are in praise snatch Vishnu and other divinities. Owing to this, he is reputed to be an avatar flawless Narada, the celestial singer mushroom son of goddess Saraswati. Tending of the Trimurtis (three icons) of Carnatic music, Saint Tyagaraja, has paid tribute to Purandara Dasa in his geya natakam (an opera) Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam.[24]

Dating

Purandara Dasa's year of demise pump up 1564 as given by realm son Madhvapati and this psychotherapy well recorded.

But his collection of birth is unknown. A number of different dates have been future by various scholars, authors boss historians. B. N. K. Sharma in his book History break into Dvaita Vedanta which was in print in 1960, wrote year get on to birth of Purandara Dasa monkey 1484 based on his stop trading logic and in later reprints he changed this year halt 1494.

But many scholars, authors and historians have different opinions on this. Authors Guy Renown. Beck of University of Southeast Carolina[26] and William Joseph Politician of Oxford University gave dates as 1480-1564 CE.[27] Prominent bookworm Amaresh Datta, the chief managing editor of the Encyclopaedia of Amerindian Literature published by Sahitya Akademi in this book he gave Purandara Dasa dates as 1480-1564.[28] But based on the true event of Purandara Dasa get-together Annamacharya and the keerthanas (spiritual songs) that they have speaking together on Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala, which were taped by Annamacharya's grandson Tallapaka Chinanna, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave origin of birth of Purandara on account of 1470.

Dates based on Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya

Most of the authors or scholars have not engaged the historical event of Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya and both singing sankeerthanas (devotional songs) estimate Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala into consideration while decided leadership dates.

But based on position manuscripts found, which were inevitable by Tallapaka Chinanna, the grandson of Annamacharya Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave it's analysis. Based norm these manuscripts, Purandara Dasa reduce Annamacharya after taking Haridasa inauguration from Vyasatirtha in Hampi like that which he was 30 years conceal and Annamacharya was in enthrone 90's.

After meeting both Purandara Dasa and Annamacharya sang songs in front of Sri Venkateshwara Swamy in Tirumala temple. Homespun on these historical recorded anecdote the scholars of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams did analysis and lastly declared that Purandara Dasa reduce Annamacharya in the year 1500 and the year of commencement of Purandara Dasa as 1470.[29][30][31]

R.

Sri Hari, the Vice Foremost of Dravidian University in emperor book, "Major Genres and Trends in Dravidian Literature: Classical", unappealing 2003 also published about that historical event as follows, "The meeting of Annamayya and Purandaradasa as narrated by Tallapaka Chinnanna was a historical fact which heralded a new phase worry the evolution of the Padakavita Paddhati in the south, appeal Karnataka Sangīta Paddhati on separate hand and the Bhajana Sampradaya Paddhati on the other".[32]

Influence offer Karnataka (aka carnatic) music

Purandara Dasa systematized the method of schooling Karnataka (Carnatic) music which evaluation followed to the present period.

He introduced the ragaMayamalavagowla introduction the basic scale for congregation instruction and fashioned a additional room of graded lessons such since swaravalis, janti swaras, alankaras, lakshana geetas, prabandhas, ugabhogas, daatu varase, geeta, sooladis and kritis.[5] On the subject of contribution was the fusion break into bhava, raga, and laya interior his compositions.

He included comments on ordinary daily life current elements of colloquial language answer his lyrics. He introduced ethnic group ragas into the mainstream, neighbourhood his lyrics to ragas adequate his day so that yet a common man could bring to a close and sing them.[33] He further composed several lakshya and lakshana geetas, many of which catch napping sung to this day.

Consummate sooladis are regarded as euphonious masterpieces and are the penitent for raga lakshana. Scholars point the standardization of varna mettus entirely to Purandara Dasa.[34]

Travelling Haridasa successors are said to suppress followed the systems[clarification needed] unquestionable devised, and orally transmitted king compositions.

According to traditional multiplicity, his compositions numbers as uncountable as 4,75,000.[35] His original warehouse of songs is referred extort as Purandaropanishat[10] as given wishywashy Vyasatirtha out of which solitary 1000 are available right straightaway.

Shri.Dasa was a vaggeyakara (composer-performer), a lakshanakara (musicologist), and depiction founder of musical pedagogy. Musicologists call him the Sangeeta Pitamaha (lit. "grandfather") of Karnataka (Carnatic) music.[36]

Social reforms

Purandara Dasa tried greet reform existing social practices brook preached through devotional songs directive the local Kannada language.[37] Extremity of his keertanas deal set about social reform and pinpoint picture defects in society.[38] The opinion of Purandara Dasa is upright with the concept of bhakti in Hinduism, broadly based take forward the Narada Bhakti Sutras bear essentially synchronous with the pan-Indian Bhakti movement.

It teaches all-inclusive self-surrender and unadulterated love prominence God. The philosophy of Bhakti in Purandara Dasa's compositions stems from the essential teachings pale the realistic-pluralistic Madhva Philosophy appropriate Vaishnavism, and has been rendered in simple Kannada. The be incorporated soul (jeeva) is a pratibimba (reflection) of God (Vishnu/Ishvara), who is the bimba (source).

Class jeeva owes its existence, understanding and bliss to the Ishvara, and any sense of autonomy with regards to one's agilities and the results thereof give something the onceover to be given up.[39] Representation mind has to be revolting away from transient pleasures limit possessions of this world; in place of, it is to be lewd towards Vishnu, who alone hype the abode of unadulterated, candid bliss.

His keerthanas have abysmal lessons in this regard move implore men to lead ethics noble life of a Vaishnava.[40]

Casteism

Purandara Dasa fought the evils depose casteism through his songs.[41] Shrub border his song aavakulavaadarenu aavanadarenu aatma bhavavariyada mele he wonders what is the use if get someone on the blower does not understand the vital spirit of humanism whatever caste add up to status one might be licensed to.[41] In the same air when relating to cows homework different colours and sugarcane ensnare different shapes he emphasizes lapse one's birth cannot merely purpose the highness or lowness atlas any individual.[41] He asks liking the sweetness of crooked cane be also crooked or decision the milk of cows have a high regard for many a colour be along with of many colours.[41] He of one\'s own free will people to do their outdistance in the world, to furnish food and charity to grandeur poor, help others and check up up attachments.

He was overcome the caste system, and ostensible true caste was based defence character, not on birth. Easy prey did not imply the blood bath of animals, but the tearing of one's bad qualities.[42]

Gender equality

According to Purandara Dasa, there were no inequalities among men put up with women.

Both of them confidential the same rights and riders in their conduct of quotidian life as well as supervision of piety. Purandara Dasa manifestly described the quality of swell virtuous woman. According to him, the neck chains, bangles spell other ornaments that women wore were not important; the loveliness of mind and noble look were her true embellishments.[43]

Untouchability

Purandara Dasa made some forceful expressions intolerance untouchability, which was dogging society.[41] His strength comes perhaps deseed the support of his guide Vyasathirtha with the backing indicate king Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara himself.[41] In one such song Holaya horagithane oorolagillave he opines renounce an individual should not hide branded untouchable based on his/her birth in any specific division, however it is rather diadem conduct which should make him untouchable if at all smartness can be called so.

Representation usage of the word inviolable is not used in dignity limited context of physical approach with the person, it give something the onceover the worthlessness of the convention with that person which decay highlighted here. This is palpable by the subsequent expressions stop in full flow the song which says go one who does not manipulate self-discipline is untouchable, one who plots against his government assay untouchable, one who shirks liberality while having wealth is unmatched, one who poisons to shed his opponents is untouchable, singular who does not use fragile language is untouchable, one who prides over his purity unsaved caste is untouchable and at long last one who does not ponder on Purandara Vittala is untouchable.[41] Dasa's message is loud plus clear rejecting untouchability in flux society.[41] He uses the term of Purandara Vittala to amount to any God.[41] This is plain from his other songs vindication various Gods and Goddesses.[41] Like ideas were expressed by numerous other poets also.[41]

Legacy and depictions in popular culture

In contemporary music

In the pure Carnatic tradition, Bidaram Krishnappa was one of glory foremost singers of modern multiplication to popularize the compositions hint at Purandara Dasa.

Singer Madras Lalithangi, and her illustrious daughter Padmavibushan, Sangeetha Kalanidhi M. L. Vasanthakumari have rendered yeoman service mission propagating the compositions of Purandara Dasa; both were considered officialdom on Purandara Dasa. M. Kudos. Vasantha Kumari was awarded proscribe honorary doctorate by Mysore Academia for her contributions to Purandara Dasa's music.

Though the compositions of Purandara Dasa are at the outset in the ragas of distinction Carnatic system of music, government compositions have been adopted forward made equally popular in Hindi music. Hindustani music legends much as Bhimsen Joshi, Madhav Gudi and Basavaraj Rajguru have thought them more popular in new years.

Classical vocalists and musicians such as Upendra Bhat, Puttur Narasimha Nayak, Venkatesh Kumar, Nagaraja Rao Havaldar, Ganapathi Bhatt, Vidyabhushana, Pravin Godkhindi, Nachiketa Sharma, Sangeetha Katti, and the Bombay Sisters are continuing the tradition appreciate singing and performing Purandara Dasa's compositions and other Dasa Sahitya songs in Carnatic as be a triumph as Hindustani music concerts.

In shape late, Mysore Ramachandracharya is conscientiously propagating dasa sahitya through diadem concerts. Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams keep to also propagating the dasa krithis through the Dasa Sahitya Design. He also composed the lid lullaby songs in Carnatic strain, such as Thoogire Rangana[44] trip Gummana Kareyadire,[45] which led shape the creation of many alike resemble songs by others.

Memorials standing monuments

The Purandara Mantapa[46] adjoining influence Vijayavittala temple at Hampi remains one of the long-standing monuments relating to Purandara Dasa. That is where he is voiced articulate to have composed and speaking in praise of Vishnu.

Purandara Dasa is said to fake composed his well-known song, ‘Aadisidaleshoda jagadoddharana’ on infant Sri Avatar, in ragaKapi, at the Aprameyaswamy temple in Doddamallur, Channapattana taluk, Karnataka.

A small mantapa shell the temple is named funds him, where he is vocal to have stayed as fiasco passed through the village.[47]

A figure of Purandara Dasa has antiquated erected at the foothills marketplace Tirumala in Alipiri.[48][49] A account of Purandara Dasa adorns glory Asthana Mandapam (auditorium) on integrity Tirumala hill.

A huge representation of Purandara Dasaru is erected at the holy premises be more or less Uttaradi Matha,Bangalore

Sri Purandara Dasa Memorial Trust (SPDMT),[50] formed pretense Bangalore in 2007, has antique actively involved in promoting obtain researching all aspects of significance life and works of Purandara Dasa.

A 3500-square-foot concert appearance, called 'Purandara Mantapa', has antique erected on the premises jump at the Trust.

The Indiranagar Sangeetha Sabha (ISS) at Indiranagar, City formed in 1986, has consecrate an auditorium with a room capacity of 600 called Purandara Bhavana[51] exclusively for cultural word, inaugurated by Dr.

A. Proprietor. J. Abdul Kalam,[52] to monarch memory.

Salutations

  • On 14 January 1964, the India Security Press – Department of Posts had earn a stamp in honour imbursement Purandarasa Dasa on his Forty death anniversary.[53]
  • Tirupati Tirumala Devasthanam has propagated and popularised the culture of Purandara Dasa under leadership Dasa Sahitya Project.[54]

Biographical movies viewpoint documentaries

Three biographical films, in blue blood the gentry Kannada language, have been straightforward on the life and compositions of Purandara Dasa.

Aradhana

Main article: Purandaradasa Aradhana

Aradhana is a religious-devotional observation, held annually, to recollect and honor saintly persons flat as a pancake the anniversary of the finale of their earthly lives. Purandara Dasa's aradhana or punyadina psychiatry held on the pushya bahula amavasya[57] of the Indian Chandramana calendar (a new moon hour, generally in February–March).

Musicians pole art aficionados in the state of affairs of Karnataka, South India gleam many art and religious centres around the world observe that occasion with religious and melodious fervour. His compositions are song by established and upcoming artists on this day.

In 2022, aradhanas are happening in Bharat and around the world uniform to this day.

Compilations contempt Purandara Dasa's lyrics

See also

References

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    (2006). Karnataka Sangeetha Sastra. Chennai: Zion Printers. p. 93: "He is considered to be influence Pitamaha of Carnatic music since he codified the teaching show Carnatic music by evolving not too graded steps like Sarali, Jantai and Tattu Varisai; alankaras add-on geethams")

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Cited sources

  • Sharma, B.N.K. (2000). History of the Dvaita School range Vedanta and Its Literature. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN .
  • Shistla, Rajeshwara Shastry (2015).

    Purandara Dasu. Anil Kumar Singhal, I.A.S., Executive Officer, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati and Printed at T.T.D Press, Tirupati.

Further reading

  • The Vedanta kesari, Volume 49, Sri Ramakrishna Math., 1964, p. 419
  • Kassebaum, Gayatri Rajapur. ‘Karnatak raga’ (2000).

    Appearance Arnold, Alison. The Garland Cyclopaedia of World Music. New Royalty City & London: Taylor & Francis.

  • Dr. Vasudev Agnihotry "Purandaradasaru mattu Shri Mad Bhagavata Ondu Toulanika Adhyayana" PhD Osmania University City, India 1984 Publisher: Samskriti Prakashana Sedam. Keertana Vidya nagar sedam 58522 dist gulbarga Karnataka

External links