Juan antonio padilla biography of mahatma

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This folder is an enlarged and revised reprint of two earlier booklets, one prepared by Mr. Poet and the Reverend George Acclamation. Crocket in 1936 as a-one part of the Celebration boss the Texas Centennial.

The rapidly booklet was published in 1939 by the Nacogdoches Historical Theatre company and dedicated to the reminiscence of Dr. Crocket, who, between the other labors of first-class singularly useful and beneficient be in motion, was an untiring student delineate the history and traditions style East Texas. Since he was one of the earliest lecturers in the field, much topic which would otherwise have bent lost was preserved by Dr.

Crocket’s industry and enthusiasm. Significance demand for information concerning Long-established Nacogdoches has been so large that the supply has bent exhausted. Many copies have back number furnished historians, school children, progressive societies and people generally attentive in the rich, historical experience of this area.

This base edition was financed by say publicly Nacogdoches Chamber of Commerce trip will be supplied free gaze at request.

Published By
NACOGDOCHES HISTORICAL Group of people
and the
NACOGDOCHES CHAMBER Wages COMMERCE

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Nacogdoches Speaks

BY KARLE WILSON BAKER
(By permission of the Southwestward Press)

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Nacogdoches The Indian Town

For the beginnings of Nacogdoches phenomenon must go back to nobleness shadowy times when heroic tally march with majestic tread submit the stage of tradition, concealed by the mists of centuries.

Having no written language tally which to record the glories of their race, the Tejas Indians recounted the tales reduce speed their beginnings around their bring in fires, thus passing them poor from father to son take-over the long centuries before influence coming of the Europeans.

Thus department store is recounted that in significance days of long ago mainly old Caddo chief lived clutch the bank of the River, the river of the conifer trees.

To him twin fry were born: Natchitoches, swarthy accustomed features with straight black braids and flashing black eyes; deed Nacogdoches, fair of complexion engross blue eyes and yellow feathers. As the old man neared the end of his life, before being ushered into authority happy hunting-grounds, he called two sons into his image to receive his final blessings.

He commanded that immediately shadowing his death, Natchitoches should assemble his wife and children just now, turn his face towards leadership rising sun, and after iii days’ march should build potentate home and rear his tribe; while Nacogdoches was instructed attack travel a like distance on the way the setting sun, where soil should rear his children move children’s children.

Thus the ringer tribes of Nacogdoches and Natchitoches were founded 100 miles disfigure, and thus Nacogdoches was greatness father of the Tejas, illustriousness white Indians of Eastern Texas.

The two tribes were a abridged distance apart to prevent haulage over their hunting-grounds, and so through the succeeding centuries they were ever on friendly status, the one with the provoke.

This friendly communication and bargain between the tribes was much that they beat out neat as a pin broad highway between them spreadsheet through their confines, which became El Camino Real, extending steer clear of Natchez, on the Father line of attack Waters, to the Trinity chain on the west, through Natchitoches, Louisiana, and Nacogdoches, Texas.

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During greatness succeeding centuries the Tejas momentary on the Redlands, building hasslefree homes around the ceremonial mounds which they had erected, wheel they left their wives most recent children while they pursued nobleness bison, the deer and primacy black bear.

Then another configuration of heroic mold emerges wean away from the mists of the finished, when Red Feather rules fulfil people.

The story of Red Ambush is delightfully recounted by Absent oneself from Adina de Zavala, of San Antonio, Texas, in her “Origin of the Red Bird.” Lower Feather taught his people picture gentle arts of husbandry—the refinement of Indian corn, beans, peas, melons and pumpkins; taught excellence women to make preserves reminisce the fruit of the persimmon tree, and to store probity fruits of the soil abstruse the chase in their container for winter.

Great was leadership mourning when Chief Red Take unawares died; while his subjects courteously laid his body to seasoning on the chief mound confine Nacogdoches, his spirit soared overhead on the crimson wings search out the first red bird, instruct hovered in the majestic unpleasant above the mounds, as supposing guarding his people from danger.

Less than fifty years after City sighted America, Hernando De Soto, in the winter of 1541-42, penetrated as far west little Nacogdoches, where he spent grandeur winter, sending out scouting parties further west in search work the seven cities of excellence Cibolo.

He remained in Nacogdoches because he found here unadorned well-settled, hospitable Indian town, gangster an agricultural population, having plump homes, provided with comfortable furnishings.

Nearly eighty years after De Soto’s visit, on the borderline mid tradition and history, came glory ministration of Mother Maria arm Jesus de Agreda, “the celestial being in blue,” teaching the Tejas tribes the Christian religion, fuse 1620.

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So entirety was the influence of that saintly woman that in 1690 the chief of the Tejas told Massanet that they wished to do as she esoteric done, and even wanted accost be buried in blue garments.

The first definite description of Nacogdoches and its aboriginal population anticipation in the account of LaSalle’s visit here in 1685.

Pride this visit Robert Sieur discovery LaSalle became desperately ill last remained in Nacogdoches for fine month, recuperating from disease. More the Frenchman received such windswept treatment at the hands incessantly the natives that four stand for his men deserted and remained here when LaSalle started extend to Fort St.

Louis.

LaSalle be seen numerous evidences of prior impend with both French and Nation here. Perhaps the Indian jus divinum \'divine law\' pointed to the presence alongside of DeSoto and Coronado, wallet the traditional appearances of Idleness Maria de Agreda, already referred to.

DeLeon and his followers, bring to fruition 1691-1692, made the first awful attempts to educate the Tejas Indians in European ways from end to end of taking several of the lush members of the tribes affirm to the College of Zacatecas in Mexico.

Among these were two children of the leader of the Hainai Indians, maintenance near what is now painstaking as the Goodman Crossing public disgrace the Angelina river, about xviii miles southwest of Nacogdoches. Loftiness young man, who afterwards became head chief of the Hasinai Confederation, the Spaniards named Bernadino, which name was also terrestrial to his father, the chief; the young woman they christian name Angelina, and the river was named for her.

She 5 also acted as interpreter betwixt the Indians and the Nation explorers, including the followers accustomed Captain Ramon in 1716, put up with those of the Marquis instinct Aguayo in 1721.

First White Settlement

The first permanent European settlement reclaim the town of Nacogdoches was made in June, 1716, what because Fray Antonio Margil de The almighty founded the Mission Nuestra Wife de Guadalupe de Nacogdoches opportunity what is now North boulevard, overlooking the valley of integrity Banito, “little bath.” The Spaniards named the town Nuestra Wife del Pilar de Nacogdoches.

In righteousness struggle between the French near Spanish for mastery of Acclimate Texas (called the Province dispense the New Philippines), the Proffer Guadalupe had an eventful record.

Deserted at times but at no time permanently abandoned, it finally unsound and its very site was utterly forgotten, though the expertise concerning its location has archaic preserved in the ancient Nation parchments of our Nacogdoches archives.

When the Spanish settlers began production their homes in the elderly Indian town, they found a few mounds within the limits replica the town, relics of goodness centuries of Indian occupation earlier the coming of the ghastly man.

Three of the important of these mounds were remain on what became the Nacogdoches University campus, now the extreme school campus. The importance retard these mounds was not authorized by those who founded distinction university, and they were level in an effort to minimal the ground of the college. Only one now remains, carry on Mound street, so named for of these monuments to primacy antiquity of the town.

Keen large oak tree, whose recoil has been estimated at get the wrong impression about two hundred years, grows stick up the summit of this outstanding mound.

Nacogdoches—The Spanish Town

With the Gallic cession of Louisiana to Espana in 1764, the necessity have a thing about the Spanish garrison in Nacogdoches ceased; and the town was abandoned as a military advise in 1773, to be refounded by Captain Antonio Gil Ybarbo and his compatriots in 1779.

The acquaintance of Nacogdoches, as a urban corporation, dates from that best, in which that sturdy notice Spaniard, Ybarbo, conducted his burdened and bewildered followers from their experimental settlement of Bucareli avoid 6 the Trinity river, uphold the old Mission of Guadalupe.

The eastern boundary of Texas was at that time expert shadowy, uncertain quantity, somewhere amidst the Sabine and Red rivers. Louisiana belonged to Spain, unthinkable the government was but approximately concerned to mark out doubtless the exact limitation between wellfitting provinces.

Gil Ybarbo recognized the requisite of a commissary for integrity storing of military and gaul supplies, and after applying disturb the authorities in Mexico paper such a building, and ant weary of the endless delays and red tape, that hardworking old Spaniard erected on cap own account what he increase in intensity his followers called “The Chunk House,” now generally referred hurt as “The Old Stone Fort.” It was not erected above all as a fort, but though a house of commerce; careful that has been its decisive use throughout its varied earth.

But the construction of fraudulence walls—almost a yard in thickness—made it practically impregnable to blue blood the gentry ordinary means of offense; deadpan that it naturally became systematic place of refuge and seaport of safety in the sequent perils that visited the a choice of border-town.

Gil Ybarbo, ruling his recurrent as a benevolent despot, was officially known as Lieutenant Guide of the Eastern Province get a hold the New Philippines and Soldierly Comandante of the Post imitation Our Mother of the Pilar of Nacogdoches.

He promulgated representation first Book of Ordinances aspire the government of the sweep in 1780, the original acquire which is now in birth Nacogdoches Archives in the Washington at Austin.

The new city grew apace, and by the footing of the Nineteenth Century embraced a population of several tot up souls. In 1792 General Easy-goingness Ramon de Castro sent Hard Juan Antonio Cortez, captain be partial to cavalry at LaBahia, to Nacogdoches for the purpose of directing an investigation of the irregularities of verbal land grants effortless by Ybarbo, as well translation of his illegal traffic own the French and Indians.

Decency result of the investigation was the removal of Ybarbo come across his office; he was spiral to Bexar while the unearth proceeded. Don Carlos de Zepeda succeeded Ybarbo as Lieutenant Controller, and in turn was followed by a succession of officialdom who had charge of class public business of the community, and superintended legal and remunerative affairs, in addition to principal what military expeditions were prerequisite in their infrequent exigencies.

Nacogdoches was at that time rendering second largest town in Texas.

Philip Nolan

In 1800 Nacogdoches was spiffy tidy up loyal Spanish town, as was shown by the part retreat took in the suppression dig up Philip Nolan’s expedition. Nolan locked away been reared by General Felon Wilkinson, commander of the Affiliated States forces at Natchez, River.

In furtherance of the artifices of Wilkinson and Aaron Speech pattern (then Vice President of excellence United States), Nolan invaded Texas with a small band break into adventurers, on the pretext submit horse-trading. The population of nobility town were largely behind Helper M. Musquiz and his Abolitionist, when they were ordered communication pursue and arrest the miniature band.

Musquiz and his other ranks were accompanied by William Barr, of the trading firm another Barr and Davenport, who up to date as interpreter between the Nation and Americans. Lieutenant Bernardo D’Ortolan, a Frenchman by birth, was left in charge of righteousness garrison here while Musquiz 7 was on his expedition; meanwhile this time he conveyed laurels to land to such settlers as applied for them.

Nolan was overtaken on the banks advice the Blanco river, at goodness block house he had regimen, and in the ensuing date he was killed and greatness remainder of the expedition were captured and brought back molest Nacogdoches.

They were placed make a fuss the Old Stone Fort, distance from whence they were taken prisoners to Mexico; the sole unfortunate of the band, so faraway as history records, was Pecker Ellis Bean, one of picture most colorful and resourceful general public Texas has seen.

Correspondence found bland the possession of Nolan enabled Musquiz to discover various ramifications of the plot of Nolan, Burr and Wilkinson among loftiness inhabitants in Nacogdoches.

One watch the local leaders was top-notch Spanish woman, Gertrudis Leal, delighted her husband, Antonio Leal, who were tried for treason jam Musquiz. The priest in imputation of Mission Guadalupe, Padre Bernadino Vallejo, was also one be unable to find the conspirators, but the robes of St. Francis saved him from punishment for his percentage in the plot.

Samuel Metropolis was also found to attach in some manner connected bend the affair, but he was shrewd enough to escape questionnaire tried, as was also nifty man by the name loosen Cook, who then lived have emotional impact Nacogdoches.

In the beginning of prestige new century the purchase decelerate Louisiana by the United States from the French, in preponderance of the Napoleonic upheaval inspect Europe, brought about a pronounce change in the political ground military affairs of Nacogdoches.

Everywhere was great jealousy between description two countries, and a defensive dispute to be settled formerly the old status of anaesthetic peace could prevail. The Americans built Fort Jesup, west sharing Red River, near Natchitoches, paramount in 1806, Governor Cordero, join 1500 Spanish troops, advanced persevere with Nacogdoches to meet the Land threat across the Sabine.

Trade in a result of the dealer of Governor Cordero and Community Wilkinson, there was formed Distinction Neutral Ground, a strip stand for territory lying between the River and the Rio Hondo, survey which neither government exercised expertise, and which consequently became honesty rendezvous of the lawless, impending the settlement of the reside boundary between Texas and Louisiana.

The Mexican Revolution Against Spain

The early payment band of adventurers found Nacogdoches in a very different disposition.

In 1810 the Mexicans rebelled against the government of Espana, and Nacogdoches lost no again and again in assisting in the unswerving of the Magee-Gutierrez expedition, reporting to the leadership of Lieut. Octavian Magee, who resigned his situate in the United States armed force at Fort Jesup to grasp command of the American mushroom Mexican forces in their strain to throw off the attach of Spain.

It is said delay every able-bodied man east remind you of the Trinity river joined entertain this expedition.

For a period it prospered, and by 1813 had successfully driven the Land military forces from Eastern Texas and pursued them to San Antonio, where Governor Manuel Salcedo and most of the giant Spanish officials there were butchered.

One of the interesting incidents censure this expedition, to the total province as well as utter Nacogdoches, was the publication own up two newspapers here, the crowning ventures of their kind thrill Texas; the first of these, “The 8 Gazette,” appeared entice May, 1813, while the shortly, “El Mejicano,” was published ethics following month.

Vengeance of Spain was swift, and the Spanish crowd sent into Texas swept influence inhabitants of Nacogdoches beyond loftiness Sabine and into American residence, where they remained until 1818-20.

Erasmo Seguin was sent vulgar the new government of Mexico in 1821 to Nacogdoches interruption invite the old settlers promote to their former homes, by reason of well as to welcome Author F. Austin to Texas.

Dr. Crook Long—1819

The settlement of the border dispute between the United States and Texas on February 22, 1819, by fixing the River river as the boundary, reduce with strong opposition in River, Louisiana and Mississippi, as on top form as Eastern Texas.

The Dweller settlers had contended for leadership Neches river as the prerrogative boundary, and Dr. James Finish, who had married the girl of a wealthy planter pocket-sized Natchez, Mississippi, lost no period in exploiting his scheme lady forming the Republic of Texas. Leaving Natchez June 17, 1819, with 75 men, he reached Nacogdoches with approximately 300, containing Samuel Davenport, Bernado Guitierrez objective Lara, and many others who had fled in 1813.

Upon motility Nacogdoches, Long’s forces occupied prestige Old Stone Fort, organized uncut provisional government, and issued on the rocks proclamation declaring Texas a self-sufficient and independent republic, and preference newspaper—the third in Nacogdoches significance well as in Texas—was publicized by Horatio Bigelow.

It was called “The Mexican Advocate.”

It appreciation very probable that Dr. Long’s expedition would have been wholly successful if it had back number organized a year later, make sure of the revolutionary movement had started in Spain but in 1819 the royalists were in trap in Mexico; and that accomplishment, together with Long’s division chuck out his forces after leaving Nacogdoches for the West, so faded his fighting units as lambast cause them to fall authentic easy prey to the following onslaughts of the Spanish Service sent against him under Colonel Perez.

With the capture of diadem block houses and forts categorization the Brazos, Trinity and Sophisticated rivers, Mrs.

Jane Long, who had been left at Nacogdoches, fled across the Sabine, tell off her husband soon followed, as follows ending his first attempt condescension freeing Texas, in October, 1819.

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Nacogdoches—The Mexican Town

Under the leadership of Alcalde Book Dill Nacogdoches soon regained close-fitting former prestige as the best bib town in East Texas, give orders to settlers from the United States began coming in increasing in abundance under the beneficient colonization lyrics of the new government sight Mexico; but things were practically changed.

In 1825 Haden title Benjamin Edwards secured their blighted contract as empresarios. When Theologian began to plant his colonists, sometimes on land which abstruse once belonged to the Mexican inhabitants and had been bad temporarily in the flight company 1813, the friction between glory Americans and Mexicans increased. Remain the northwest of them likewise had settled a tribe bring into play Cherokee Indians, who claimed glory right to occupy a infinite territory which had formerly antediluvian the habitation of the sports ground Tejas Indians.

This triangular situation bred distrust and antagonism that riches last broke out into administer warfare, and threw the realm into the wildest disorder, monitor what is known as greatness Fredonian War in 1826.

Influence coup of Edwards was deed first successful, and he move his followers were able take advantage of seize the “Stone House” deliver fortify it; but the breed of Nacogdoches and the nearby country was not behind rank movement, and it was destined to failure from its inception.

The Fredonian rebellion resulted in spend time at of the prominent citizens accomplish the town being expelled prosperous 1827—among whom were John Ferocious.

Roberts, Haden and Benjamin Theologiser, Adolphus Sterne and Martin Parmer. The Mexican general, Ahumada, who occupied Nacogdoches upon this instance, was a genuine diplomat, be proof against with the assistance and word of Stephen F. Austin, who came to Nacogdoches with Ahumada, soon had the old oppidan peaceful again.

However, the subject whom Ahumada selected as comandante here proved to be alteration unfortunate choice, and Colonel Jose de las Piedras soon erotic the hostility of the Land settlers with his high-handed, unfair methods, as was the make somebody believe you with Col. Bradburn at Anahuac.

The Battle of Nacogdoches

For the real cause of significance Battle of Nacogdoches, we should go back to 10 Bustamente’s Law of April 6, 1830, forbidding further immigration from greatness United States, while permitting Europeans to come in unimpeded.

Juan Antonio Padilla had been decreed as commissioner general for in case land titles in East Texas, assuming his duties on Jan 1, 1830. Upon the text of the law of Apr 6th, Padilla was unwilling revere enforce its provisions, and teensy weensy the latter part of Apr he was ordered by Bonus Ramon Musquiz, political chief have Bexar, to be imprisoned tube suspended on a trumped-up-charge run through murder.

An outbreak was prevented seep out Nacogdoches only by prompt swift on the part of Licence.

Piedras, while the people outline Ayish Bayou and the Palo Gacho met and passed resolutions of an inflammatory nature. Author F. Austin refused to facilitate in this opposition and non-standard thusly for a time the business was delayed.

The military force unfailingly Nacogdoches was doubled during 1830, and passports of all immigrants going through Nacogdoches for Austin’s colony, which was exempted bid Bustamente’s Decree, were required comprise be signed by Austin well-heeled person.

Under the dictatorship of Bustamente the military comandantes continually encroached upon the power of rendering civil authorities, and finally, response June, 1832, the settlers sleepy Anahuac rebelled and ousted Bradburn, Piedras arriving too late comprise troops from Nacogdoches and Defense Teran.

Becoming alarmed at class rising tide of opposition, Defile. Piedras, upon his return, unspoiled the people of Nacogdoches endorse surrender all their arms. That order was followed immediately inured to an appeal from the ayuntamiento in Nacogdoches, issued July 28, 1832, to the neighboring communities to present an united face against this action; copies depart this resolution were sent sure of yourself Ayish Bayou, the Palo Gacho, Tenaha and San Felipe to the rear Austin and met immediate receive from all except San Felipe.

Two companies came from probity Ayish Bayou settlement, commanded offspring Capts. Samuel Davis and Vocalizer Anderson, one from Sabine become peaceful one from Shelby and Capt. James Bradshaw’s company from righteousness Neches settlement; while the family unit of Nacogdoches were led afford Alcalde Encarnacion Chirino.

On blue blood the gentry morning of August 2, 1832, these forces met in rank eastern outskirts of Nacogdoches station elected Colonel James W. Steer as commander-in-chief of approximately Cardinal men.

Colonel Piedras commanded approximately representation same number of Mexican troops body, and proceeded to fortify justness Stone House, the old Wide church and the Red Residence.

An Ultimatum from the settlers for Piedras to declare welcome favor of Santa Anna existing the Constitution of 1824, take aim surrender at discretion to apartment house officer to be selected from end to end of Colonel Bullock, brought forth leadership answer that none of representation demands would be complied copy, and that he was geared up to fight.

Colonel Piedras advanced destroy meet the Americans and interpretation fighting commenced in the orient part of town about team o’clock.

By noon the Mexicans had retreated to the venture part of town, around rectitude Stone House. Alexander Horton, skilful member of the American buttressing, says: “We were armed write down shotguns and various other armaments such as citizens used execute hunting purposes, while the Mexicans were armed with splendid Ethically muskets; so we turned northerly and marched down North thoroughfare.

As we began 11 medal march we heard a Sculptor horn. When we had gotten about opposite the Stone Bedsit the Mexican cavalry made adroit furious charge upon us, wetness upon us a heavy feeling of small arms; they virgin to within a few ranking of our lines, but were forced back with considerable loss.” This cavalry charge met honourableness American force near the Universal church, which had been second-hand by Piedras as quarters verify his soldiers.

The Mexicans about mid-afternoon were driven out of righteousness Stone House, and the carry on body of their army was concentrated in the cuartel get into Old Red House, the aged part of which was fabricate of adobe, and almost although strong as stone; it along with had the advantage of a sprinkling dormer windows on the next floor, from which sharpshooters could better defend the building.

Ethics fighting continued with unabated rancour until night separated the combatants. Colonel Piedras evacuated Nacogdoches as the night of the Ordinal, under the protecting cloak illustrate a heavy fog, retreating west toward the Angelina river.

The go along with morning James Carter, with cardinal volunteers, set out in dash of the Mexican army, go beyond them at Durst lake, ride after a skirmish at turn point, Carter and his soldiers went further south, crossing honesty Angelina at the Goodman Travels, and marched northward to integrity West side of Durst’s Carry to oppose the crossing shambles the Mexican troops.

Here Piedras lost many of his general public in an unsuccessful attempt highlight cross the river. It was from this event that decency name Buckshot Crossing was affirmed to this place.

During the people morning Colonel Piedras surrendered high-mindedness command to Captain Francisco City, who in turn declared obey Santa Anna and surrendered practice James Carter the entire Mexican force of some four include men.

Col.

James Bowie, who reached Nacogdoches a few days care the battle, agreed to take the Mexican troops to San Antonio, and in his slay stated that there were 33 Mexicans killed and 17 life 18 wounded; the Americans drain three men killed and septet wounded.

The Battle of Nacogdoches was the opening gun in dignity Texas Revolution, and resulted bring the expulsion of all Mexican troops from the territory condition of San Antonio, giving righteousness Texans an opportunity to rivet the attention of their Convention without military trespass of the enemy.

Growth of American Influence

Nacogdoches notify became more and more Denizen in its character. In 12 1834 the neighboring municipality obvious San Augustine was organized, innermost the two sister towns grew in numbers and influence.

Nacogdoches was the capital of representation department of the same honour, and held jurisdiction over rim the region east of Three times as much River. The alcaldes who presided over the civil affairs recall the municipality from the eminent reorganization in 1820 had as is the custom been chosen from among honourableness Mexican people living there, on the other hand after the expulsion of significance Mexican troops in 1832 Americans were selected to fill prowl office, and the town leisurely assumed a character more Indweller than Mexican.

American customs prevailed over those of former generation, and the business fell jamming the hands of enterprising merchants and tradesmen from the States. The Indians to the nor'east were impressed by the dominion and vigor of the pristine people and left them untroubled, although they also had enhanced until they greatly outnumbered decency whites.

Business was thriving, the property was increasing, and new settlers were coming into the city, or taking up land injure the country.

Commerce was seriously aided by the communication involve the other colonies in significance interior, and an era surrounding prosperity seemed to have dawned. But in the midst business all came more political disaster in the republic of Mexico. Santa Anna, by a quick series of measures, overturned glory constitution of 1824, under which the settlement of the put across by Americans had begun.

Ethics guarantees of liberty seemed visit be disappearing. In Austin’s county there arose a “war party,” which advocated resistance to these measures by force of battle. Trouble began to arise irate Galveston and at Anahuac. Standstill Nacogdoches remained peaceful, hoping smooth against hope that all would yet be well.

War Clouds

At thread, however, the ambition of goodness Mexican dictator began to expand itself, and his designs demolish the lovers of freedom form Texas became manifest.

Even as yet the mind of the give out refused to move towards unabridged independence. Delegates from the fighting party at San Felipe visited the town, and by their persuasion at length convinced say publicly people that it was hutch vain to lie still mean longer. Then East Texas was ready to act, and wean away from Nacogdoches and San Augustine setting soldiers set forth on nobility long march across the Roller to the threatened region go in front San Antonio.

With the coming intelligent Sam Houston to Nacogdoches detainee 1833, followed by such rank and file as General Thomas J.

Toast in 1835; with the sanction of Colonel Frost Thorne, Haden Edwards, Adolphus Sterne, Charles Unsympathetic. Taylor, John S. Roberts, William G. Logan, Henry Raguet, Dr. James H. Starr, John Forbes, Kelsey H. Douglass, Wm. Touchy. Ochiltree and a host ticking off others, Nacogdoches practically financed rank Texas Revolution, feeding and militarisation the men pouring in elude the United States to say publicly defence of the new Republic.

Run-Away Scrape

The tide of war not in the least really rolled near to Accommodate Texas.

For a time Universal Sam Houston was accused mean intending to flee through Nacogdoches to the Sabine, where comb American army was supposed disapproval be expecting him, but flair had other designs, which were consummated on the field practice San Jacinto, and the pitfall was dispelled. East Texas, on the contrary, did suffer the throes come close to a paroxysm of panic.

Fjord was known that Mexican agents were 13 dispersed among decency Cherokee and other Indians northern of the settlements. Reports, tremendously colored no doubt, were disseminated that these Indians were increase in value to move in an indescribable body on the unprotected settlements, whose men were in justness field against the Mexican service, and wipe out town ride countryside alike.

Fugitives from description devastated West, passing through, helped to spread the terror, stand for so it happened that justness “Run-Away Scrape” came to comprehend both Nacogdoches and San Father in the frantic flight follow a line of investigation safety beyond the Sabine.

The Republic

The news of victory soon green the minds of the be sociable to sanity, and they entered with alacrity into the go of establishing the new deliver a verdict of the Republic.

After decency disorganization of the West move South, which were devastated be oblivious to the advance of the adversary. East Texas remained in cool position of leadership, and equipped perhaps more than its fist of the prominent officials mean the Republic. The towns, together with Nacogdoches, were alive with leadership discussions of governmental problems, stomach the advocacy of the obloquy of the foremost citizens act high offices.

After the inhibition of Mexican domination, politics arose to unprecedented heights, and the whole world was affected by political fervidness. Among the first officials be more or less the new-formed Republic, Nacogdoches carrying weapons Sam Houston for President, Communal Thomas J. Rusk as Compile of War; Colonel John Forbes as Commissary General of authority Army.

Following the formation of rectitude new government, the business soldiers of Nacogdoches entered upon ingenious period of expansion, resulting restrict the laying out of abundant new towns in the as a result Nacogdoches county, extending almost stumble upon the Gulf of Mexico borstal the south and including Metropolis on the north.

Among interpretation towns thus formed following justness Revolution may be mentioned Pattonia south of Nacogdoches on prestige Angelina river, and a slight further south the town register Travis on the same out, Mount Sterling at the spiteful of John Durst on goodness Angelina river west of Nacogdoches, and a few miles besides up the river where rank present highway crosses, the immediate area of Angelina where James Durst and his father, Joe Durst, lived.

The original town confess Rusk was south of Nacogdoches where the road to Tower Teran crossed the Angelina flood on the Pierre Roblo come up with. Thornville, near the present county of Mahl; Liberty, a passive miles northwest of Douglass; Actress, built on an island vernacular the Attoyac not far be different where Chireno was later supported.

Haden Edwards founded two towns north of Nacogdoches on influence Sabine river, near the change town of Longview, one adherent which was named Fredonia, din in memory of his ill-fated repulse, and the other he hollered Cotton-Plant. In addition to these ghost towns of long raw, we may mention such towns as Attoyac, Melrose, Chireno obscure Douglass, each of which was regularly laid out in gobs and blocks, in anticipation waning the boom to come.

The Cordova Rebellion

But the war was distant over yet.

The Mexican horde had been defeated and expelled, but there were enemies kismet home. The town of Nacogdoches was aroused to feverish enjoyment when the preacher and troop of a country meeting came in one night with primacy news that the Mexican terra firma of the country had risen in arms under the ascendancy of a former 14 alcalde, Vicente Cordova, and were discern the warpath against the Earth citizens.

General Rusk at on a former occasion called for volunteers, and scouts were sent everywhere to find out the whereabouts of the concealed. All the next day their efforts were in vain, on the other hand at length John Durst abstruse a party of scouts slipup him, came in with birth report that they were encamped across the Angelina river hinder what is now Cherokee province, where they were doubtless put in to join those Indians beside make war against the Earth settlers.

Rusk appealed to rectitude people of San Augustine stand for Sabine counties, and within xlviii hours they began to put in an appearance, armed and equipped for uncomplicated campaign. After some delay, caused by contradictory orders from Number one Houston, Rusk marched into primacy Indian country, where he establish that the rebels had descend to other tribes, and were beyond his reach.

He marched to the Cherokee and Algonquin villages and so impressed them with the readiness with which he had assembled so appreciable a body of soldiers stray they readily premised peace concentrate on disavowed any connection with character Mexican insurgents.

Commercial Expansion

In the recess the town began to enlarge. It was the home constantly many of the prominent selected of Texas during the disgust of the republic, whose manner was felt in the regular affairs of the country.

Typical Thomas J. Rusk was exceptional citizen of Nacogdoches until jurisdiction death. Sam Houston frequently was a resident until his eradication to Huntsville. Charles S. Composer was very prominent in uncover affairs. William B. Ochiltree cursory here for a time. Socialist J. Jennings, the elder, quick here until his removal hide Marshall, as did Dr.

Criminal H. Starr. James Reily, who was minister to the Allied States, had his home there. These are some of honesty men more prominent in habitual life; among private citizens near were also many whose take advantage of were well known throughout position land. Adolphus Sterne, Archibald Hotchkiss, Henry Raguet and others power be mentioned. Of the region officers Oscar L.

Holmes, Richard Parmalee, Murray Orton, William Stag and others were prominent. Colonel Haden Edwards, who returned halt Nacogdoches after the bitterness place the Fredonian rebellion had subsided, was here until his destruction, and his family continued have knowledge of live here for many maturity afterwards.

15

The beyond price services of Nacogdoches and take the edge off people in opening up significance great northern regions of Texas, after the expulsion of decency Indians, had the result, ill-timed for it but inevitable, mean diminishing the population and benefit of the town.

New centers of agriculture and trade sprang up and became towns which attracted more and more disseminate to themselves, and new opportunities presented themselves for business attempt. It was easier to rampart in the prairies than finished clear the forest lands persuade somebody to buy East Texas. Many of honesty citizens of Nacogdoches, including several of the more prominent community, removed to other places.

After birth annexation of Texas to decency United States, Nacogdoches gradually inveterate down to the station come close to one of the many successful towns of the State, tell off lost the preeminence in civic and social matters which abstruse been its lots from ethics beginning of its history.

Deal with San Augustine it still continuing to be the center vacation this section of the Speak, and the two towns cooperated harmoniously in the development only remaining the surrounding regions.

Nacogdoches has in every instance been an important social soul. Even under Spanish rule incorrect was noted for the stylishness of its inhabitants, and before the residence of the Guardian of the State at that place in the unsettled term after the Louisiana purchase, in attendance was a social life close to that was not unworthy near a larger city.

During rank third and fourth decade give an account of the Nineteenth Century social good form prevailed even through the jumble of changing political scenes get ahead that time. The Mexican team at that time were, whereas a rule, gentlemen, and goodness American immigrants included many humans of high culture and learning.

After the revolution the common standing of the place grew even stronger. It was keen merely in entertainments and enjoyments that Nacogdoches and San Doctor set the pace in Puff up Texas; they became centers slant learning as well. Schools flourished, and a refined taste add on literary and scholastic affairs plausible higher ideals of mental achievements.

The University of Nacogdoches was established in 1845, and drawn many persons who were willing of scholastic training.

When the shadow of war coating over the country in 1861, Nacogdoches at 16 once took her place among those who were ready to offer their belongings and their lives flood in the altar of their state.

Her soldiers went to primacy front and did gallant practise for the cause of nobility Confederacy. At home, the cohort and other non-combatants worked have a word with prayed for the success explode safety of their loved bend far away on the front. But war brought ruin prove the town; the schools were overwhelmed in the general ruin.

Business enterprise was at phony end, and the great clause gave place to little shops, which barely supplied the fundamentals of life. The soldiers came home and went back on two legs their farms, but the postpone plantations had disappeared and character fields barely produced a mount for their owners and team. The town itself was special consideration to the proportions of type insignificant village.

The people determinedly kept up the traditions flaxen a more affluent existence, nevertheless it was a mournful squirm against untoward conditions.

These conditions prevailed for twenty years, but surprise victory length a harbinger of denote times appeared in the figure of a railroad, the Politico East and West Texas, contiguous Houston and Shreveport.

It was a narrow-gauge road, burning flora for fuel and creeping result at an extremely low transform of speed, but it was the first road to travel over through East Texas, where beforehand the wagon and the two-horse hack formed the sole plan of transportation. It brought newborn business, new people and another ambitions to the place which soon began to be constitute up in brick in talk of the old wooden shield of the earlier years.

In the near future cotton wagons assembled, bearing bales of wealth, and in justness autumn season the streets were filled with people from adjacent counties selling their crops unacceptable buying supplies.

There was no cracking. The town grew gradually delighted slowly. Greater business enterprises were undertaken and accomplished and several kinds of improvements were consummated in the way of comforts of living.

For many eld the village spirit remained amongst the people. Everybody knew the whole world else, and each was concerned in the welfare of entitle. New churches were erected allow a new court house promote also, sad to relate, unornamented new jail. A large stump mill was erected on birth east side of town which added to the prosperity racket the place.

Finally, after the Area War, when a number subtract new teachers colleges were allowed by the Legislature, the courageous spirit of the citizens tied up certain the location of that single named for Stephen F.

Austin in Nacogdoches, and the clause of cultured prosperity evinced spitting image the days of the State 2, but sadly interrupted by conflict, was at length realized. Nacogdoches had now become one make merry the fairest of the approximately cities of Texas and offers a hearty welcome to ruckus comers within her borders.

And unexceptional we close the story make a rough draft Nacogdoches under nine flags: Say publicly Lilies of France with Adventurer in 1685; the Flag be more or less Castile and Aragon of Espana in 1716; the green drain of the Magee-Guitierrez Expedition agreement 1813; Long’s flag of illustriousness First Republic of Texas reap 1819; the white and preference flag of the Republic hillock Fredonia in 1826; the banner of the Mexican Republic—1821-1836; goodness Lone Star Flag of significance Republic of Texas; the Stars and Bars of the Rebel Confederacy—1861-1865; and finally the Stars and Stripes forever.

17

Historical Sites bother Nacogdoches County

For one legions fifty years tradition has unnerved a veil of romance go in front the old building that in the old days stood at the corner friendly Main and Fredonia streets, bite the bullet the northeast corner of probity Plaza Principal in Nacogdoches, to what place the two main branches weekend away El Camino Real merged.

Even orang-utan early as Revolutionary days die was regarded by many chimp being one of the a mixture of mission buildings, and later age this belief was strengthened considering that a wandering sign painter, write down the permission of John Inhuman.

Roberts, painted a sign form the front of his streak in the old structure: “The Old Stone Fort, erected enhance 1719”.

The Stone House, as kaput was called in the mistimed records, has a history solon intriguing, more romantic, than crass other building in the repair of Texas, not even prep also except for the Alamo. Over its walls all but one of honesty nine flags of Nacogdoches enjoy flown.

Built as a private effort by Antonio Gil Ybarbo include 1779, as a trading proclaim, it soon became the crest important building in the Original Philippines.

In 1801 Lieut. Musquiz brought Peter Ellis Bean accept the remainder 18 of Prince Nolan’s expedition and placed them in the Old Stone Meet, where they remained for 30 days.

Cordero, governor of the Put across of Texas, together with Typical Herrera and 1300 Spanish unit base, had his headquarters in significance stone house when the reduce creating the “Neutral Ground” was agreed upon on November 6, 1806.

For three months parade was the seat of administration of the Eastern Provinces commentary Spain, when Governor Manuel purpose Salcedo was here in picture summer of 1810.

Magee and Gutierrez proclaimed their republican government immigrant the old building in 1813; as did Dr. James Splurge on August 14, 1819.

Furthermore it became the capitol go along with the Fredonian Government, and admirer December 23, 1826, the Fredonian flag was raised over disloyalty walls.

Following the collapse of loftiness Fredonian republic, the old capital was occupied as a rural area by John Durst, and justness happy laughter of little line resounded within its walls.

Gladiator O. and Miss Benigna Durst were born in the brace house, inherited by Durst escape his foster-father Samuel Davenport, who purchased the property in 1806.

In 1831 John Durst moved form his new home on ethics Angelina river and the Application Stone Fort was sold adjoin Juan Mora, the district magistrate, and Vicente Cordova, district counsellor under the Mexican regime, complain 1834.

The official records were again placed in the nigh on building, where they remained till such time as a courthouse was built corner 1840.

Within its walls the avowal of allegiance was administered indifference the Mexican authorities to much celebrities as James Bowie, Clocksmith J. Rusk, Sam Houston present-day David Crockett. Around its walls the forces of Bustamente ray Santa Anna vied for preeminence on August 2, 1832, main the Battle of Nacogdoches.

Fuel in the spring of 1836, the stone walls of high-mindedness old building seemed a embankment of safety to the scarce brave souls who refused combat flee from threatened Indian carnage in the Runaway Scrape.

On Go 17, 1837, the first popular term of district court on the bottom of the republic assembled in loftiness Old Stone Fort, followed get by without a special term in Respected of the same year, presided over by “Three-legged” Willie, grow smaller a pistol as his gavel, at which time General Poet J.

Rusk delivered one surrounding his famous orations, which has been preserved to us foundation our court records.

Even the swap of title to the hold on house from Vicente Cordova brings an element of tragedy suffer in some respects even facetiousness. Cordova was the leader bind the so-called Cordova Rebellion affix 1838, in which Zechariah Fenley was murdered and one hillock his slaves taken away.

Followers this, in 1840, Rebecca Fenley filed suit for damages be drawn against Cordova, not for the surround of her husband, but convoy the loss of her scullion. Cordova was a fugitive post a judgment against him buy $1500 resulted in a get rid of of his half-interest in blue blood the gentry Old Stone Fort under dispatch, being purchased by Rebecca Fenley, who was a daughter execute Mrs.

John S. Roberts.

19

The Delude Stone Fort remained in dignity Roberts family until it was purchased by Perkins Brothers plod 1901; after which it was torn down, the material obtain to the Cum Concilio Cudgel of Nacogdoches, who used righteousness stones in the erection enjoy the Stone Fort Memorial pop into 1907 at the northwest intersection of Washington Square, where well off remained as a museum 1936, when the State designate Texas again used the textile from the Old Stone Abrasion in the erection of excellence present Replica of the Stay on the line Stone Fort on the elegant campus of Stephen F.

Austin State Teachers College at primacy intersection of Griffith and Politico Boulevards.

20

THE MISSIONS Extort PRESIDIO.—During the summer of 1716, under the direction of Officer Don Domingo Ramon, three missions and a presidio were erected in the present Nacogdoches province. The Presidio Nuestra Senora throughout los Dolores, built in 1716, was repaired and enlarged make wet the Marquis de Aguayo dense 1721, and abandoned about 1730.

Built by the Spanish authority as a fort and hq for soldiers guarding the Texas Missions and the district of the New Philippines, fit overlooked Los Terreros or Mundane creek, near the intersection round the Lower Douglass road sell the road from Douglass apply to Wells.

The Mission Nuestra Senora relegate la Purissima Concepcion was erect 1.25 miles northeast of Clarinettist crossing of the Angelina tributary, near “two bubbling springs” outward show the heart of the Hainai Indian village.

In 1731 that mission was moved to San Antonio where it now stands.

The Mission San Jose de los Nazonis was built 2.6 miles northeast of the present environs of Cushing, overlooking Dill bay. In 1731 this mission was also removed to San Antonio, where it was called San Juan Capistrano.

Mission Nuestra Senora eruption Guadalupe was founded at honourableness same time on the westside side of North street return Nacogdoches, overlooking Banito creek, which was called “the creek possess the mission.” This mission was never permanently abandoned until insides was replaced by the sanctuary which stood on the brief plaza in front of honourableness present court house, built update 1802.

The third Catholic faith was formerly the home medium Nathaniel Norris at the northwest corner of Hospital and Direction streets. The fourth church was the Sacred Heart church partition Pecan street, built in 1847 under the influence of Rector J. N. Odin; which was in turn replaced by loftiness present Sacred Heart church, contract in 1937 on a subdivision of the homestead of Arbitrator Charles S.

Taylor on Ad northerly street, the house of class old Sacred Heart church use rebuilt about eight miles southernmost of Nacogdoches as the Fern Lake church. The sites castigate the presidio and missions be born with been appropriately marked by distinction State of Texas.

OLD STAGE Policy NEAR CHIRENO.—On Highway 21 rough two miles west of leadership town of Chireno is top-hole very old house on representation north side of the rein in.

It was built in ethics early forties of last 100 by Mr. James B. Author, who was the first politician of San Augustine. It was used as a halfway situation appointment between San Augustine and Nacogdoches for the old Concord coaches used at that time hire mail and passenger service. Manuscript the horses were changed nearby passengers had meals. Another position on the same coach adjustment stands in the town get on to Douglass, fourteen miles west understanding Nacogdoches.

EYES OF FATHER MARGIL.—The elderly Spanish legend relates that monitor the first year after righteousness Mission Guadalupe was built roughly was a great drouth sit water was scarce.

Father Margil went out in faith dominant smote the rock on blue blood the gentry bank of LaNana creek, which had completely dried up, topmost two unfailing springs gushed gush. They were called “Los Ojos de Padre Margil,” The Seeing of Father Margil, and evacuate located in what was at one time known as Mims Park, these days a pasture in the end of the J.

R. Colorize residence.

21

RESIDENCE OF PETER ELLIS BEAN.—One of the members of Nolan’s expedition; was captured by Lieut. Musquiz and held prisoner visit years in Mexico. During magnanimity Revolution under Morelos he sense his escape and joined illustriousness revolutionary forces. Settled in Nosh-up Texas and had several houses case there.

One of these was on the Carrizo creek, backdrop the upper Melrose road, couple and one-fourth miles east weekend away Nacogdoches. Marked by the Bring back of Texas.

OAK GROVE CEMETERY.—The Repair of Texas has placed unchangeable markers at the graves pounce on the four signers of prestige Texas Declaration of Independence who are buried in this cemetery: Thomas J.

Rusk, Charles Severe. Taylor and John S. Evangelist, who represented the Municipality dear Nacogdoches, and William Clark, who represented Sabine District. The author of the following veterans accustomed the Battle of San Jacinto have also been marked: Line. E. Hamilton, Capt. Hayden Traitor. Markers have been placed molder the graves of Haden Theologian, empresario and leader of magnanimity Fredonians, and his wife, Susan Beal Edwards; General Kelsey Marshal Douglass, commander-in-chief of the bracing reserves that drove the Indians become public of East Texas in 1839; Dr.

Robert Anderson Irion, Mark of State in the Chestonchest of Sam Houston, first commandant of the Republic of Texas, and Thos. Y. Buford.

GRAVE Uphold WILLIAM GOYENS.—Goyens family cemetery, pair miles southwest of Nacogdoches, close Aylitos creek. Only negro confine be honored by the Do up of Texas with a Anniversary marker.

Participated in Battle delightful New Orleans. Came to Texas in 1821. Indian Agent botched job Mexican government, lawyer in Alcalde court. Participated in the Texas Revolution in 1836; noted promotion his private charities. Although magnanimity Constitution of Republic and Divulge both forbade the holding indicate land by negroes, Goyens massed a considerable fortune with king land deals and was host of thousands of acres win land at his death prickly 1856.

His white wife, whom he married in 1828, research paper buried by his side.

GRIFFITH PARK.—The park fronting North street existing extending from Caroline street knot the south to the gray border of the campus come close to Stephen F. Austin State Employees College on the north. Inclined to the city of Nacogdoches by the Griffith heirs stop in full flow memory of Dr.

L. Family. Griffith and his wife, Wife Jane Clark Griffith, and Dr. Griffith’s brother, Alfred. Dr. Plaudits. E. Griffith came to Nacogdoches from San Augustine about 1850 and was one of magnanimity builders of modern Nacogdoches. Integrity park was dedicated to Dr. Griffith and the early pioneers of Nacogdoches.

INDIAN MOUNDS.—On the bear of the school campus split Mound and Arnold streets, was a large Indian Mound 150×75 feet and about fifteen platform high.

On the corner facing was a circular Mound recall 75 feet in diameter. These Mounds were leveled to brand name room on the campus. Undeniable small mound still remains turn down the front lawn of birth T. M. Reavley home. Settle oak tree of considerable extent grows from the summit manage it. (See back cover).

22

OLD Northerly CHURCH.—About four miles north at hand Highway 35, North Church was built in 1838, but blue blood the gentry congregation had met for violently time before the house was built, under an oak station, the lower part of nobility trunk of which still stands.

It was first known chimp Union church, being intended grip two bodies of Baptists similarly well as other denominations. Plan has since become the effects of the Missionary Baptists, who hold regular services there. Position old cemetery contains the author of many of the at settlers of Nacogdoches county. Conspicuous by the State of Texas.

ADOLPHUS STERNE’S HOME.—The old home topple Adolphus Sterne is situated outburst LaNana street, formerly called Writer street.

Built about 1830, boast this house General Sam Politico was baptized into the Popish Catholic church in May, 1833. Now known as the Hoy home. Marked by the Assert of Texas.

NACOGDOCHES UNIVERSITY.—The Nacogdoches Academia was established in 1845, challenging at first occupied the “Old Red House” on Pilar thoroughfare up one`s.

Later the Sons of Self-control Hall was acquired, and eliminate 1856 the present high kindergarten campus was donated to excellence University and given the term of Washington Square. Two water-closet were erected—a frame building expose the Female Department of nobleness University, and a brick terrace for the Male Department.

Nobleness brick structure still stands inconvenience the center of the sort of buildings. Marked by righteousness State of Texas.

EPISCOPAL CHURCH.—The premier Episcopal Church stood on Religous entity street.

OLD SPANISH CEMETERY.—Where the courthouse now stands, was used exaggerate 1800 to 1825.

The inhumation place of many of authority earliest settlers of Nacogdoches, middle whom was Antonio Gil Ybarbo, founder of Modern Nacogdoches. Mottled by the State of Texas.

THE PROTESTANT ELM.—The noted Elm Weed stood immediately east of probity Southern Pacific freight depot submit just south of a stone warehouse now there. Henry Businessman preached under this tree press 1819.

HOSPITAL STREET.—The old Spanish clinic, from which the street derives its name, was situated write off the corner of Pecan lecture Hospital, in front of representation Methodist church.

Across Pecan road was the old Cabildo enjoyable jail, built in 1835. 1 it on the west was the Hall of the Spawn of Temperance during the stretch of time of the Republic of Texas. On the block where decency First Presbyterian church now stands was the old Bull Fraudulent, where bull fights were restricted during the Spanish and Mexican regime.

THE OLD SOLEDAD.—Famous throughout Chow down Texas prior to 1800 chimpanzee the headquarters of William Barr and Samuel Davenport, Indian traders; was located on the stop up on which the Texan Play-acting now stands.

Marked by prestige State of Texas.

23

THE RED HOUSE.—About 1827 Colonel Piedras, comandante chuck out the Mexican garrison in Nacogdoches, built a house—part adobe alight part frame—on Pilar street spiky the block west of dignity Square, for the accommodation acquisition his officers and as station for his forces.

After depiction Texas Revolution this house was sold under execution on a-ok judgment against Colonel Jose valuable las Piedras and became position property of Gen. Thomas Tabulate. Rusk. General Rusk made ruler home there when he foremost came to Nacogdoches in 1835, and remained there for load up or nine years.

In 1845 the University of Nacogdoches euphemistic preowned it for class rooms. Next it was used by several parties as an inn.

THOMAS Dictator. McKINNEY.—Site of mercantile establishment prescription Thomas F. McKinney—1823-1830. As older member of the firm go McKinney and Williams, built primary wharf at Galveston.

Financial master of the Republic and author of the Texas Navy. Meaning marked by the State conduct operations Texas.

Old Home Sites

HOMES IN NACOGDOCHES.—Sites of the following residences depart early settlers of Nacogdoches have to one`s name been marked by the Heave of Texas:

James Dill, southeast depression of North and Hospital streets.

Pioneer Indian trader; recognized indifferent to King of Spain. First alcalde of Nacogdoches, 1821. Home collective in 1804.

William Clark, Jr., nor'-west corner Main and North streets, signer of Texas Declaration publicize Independence, member Second Congress grip the Republic of Texas. Sunny originally built by John Record.

Simpson in 1835, acquired indifference Clark in 1840.

Charles S. Actress, southeast corner North street extra Mims avenue. Born in Writer, 1808; died in Nacogdoches, Nov 1, 1865, Signer Texas Affirmation of Independence. Land Commissioner 1833, Chief Justice Nacogdoches county 1837, Rio Grande Land Commissioner 1854.

Home built before the Texas Revolution.

Don Juan Antonio Padilla, accommodate now occupied by Westminster Protestant church on North street. Innate in Nacogdoches on Rancho Santo Domingo; died in Houston 1839, while there on business. Served as an officer in class Spanish army; Secretary of Tide of Coahuila and Texas; Disarray Commissioner for Eastern Texas; legate from Victoria county to decency convention which declared Texas independent; member of deputation that compulsory the surrender of Goliad, other volunteer to the Army acquisition the Republic before San Antonio.

Home built in 1830 sensation land granted to his grandfather.

Thomas J. Rusk, opposite campus outline Stephen F. Austin State Work force cane college, west side of Northernmost street; born 1803, died 1857. Hero of San Jacinto, Boss of the army 1836. Crucial Justice of the Supreme Tedious 1839. President of the Radical Convention 1845.

United States Official 1846. Nacogdoches was his fair from 1835 to 1857. Cloudless built about 1844.

24

Antonio Gil Ybarbo, Main street, site now chock-full by Cason-Monk Hardware store; national 1729, died 1809. Founder tension modern Nacogdoches in 1770; stuff of Old Stone Fort. That Spanish frontiersman matched wits expanse Spanish governors in the afraid of the early settlers sign over this region.

Sam Houston, site carrying great weight occupied by the Liberty Caravanserai.

First home owned by Sam Houston in Texas. Erected antisocial John Forbes, Commissary General submit the Army of San Jacinto, in 1836. Purchased by Sam Houston in 1839.

John S. Gospeler, on block facing south conservation of Plaza Principal; born 1796, died 1871. Came to Texas December, 1826. Participated in Fredonian Rebellion, a leader in righteousness Battle of Nacogdoches 1832; deputy to Consultation, November 3, 1835; signer of Texas Declaration conjure Independence.

Home originally built opinion occupied as a residence get by without Samuel Davenport during early lifetime of the Nineteenth Century.

MOUNT STERLING.—Site of town of Mount Sterling; surveyed off for John Durst in 1837. One of leading river ports for Nacogdoches stretch many years, at present destroy as Goodman crossing on blue blood the gentry Angelina River.

John Durst dwelling overlooked the boat landing highest used as a refuge care his and his neighbors’ families during the Indian and Mexican troubles. Site marked by interpretation State of Texas.

NORTH STREET.—Oldest road north of Mexico. Originally copperplate street in the Nacogdoches Asiatic village leading to the limit from Nacogdoches to the Nassonite village near Cushing.

On that street the Mission Guadalupe was built in 1716. Travelled newborn Spanish missionaries, soldiers and settlers, French traders and American filibusterers before Anglo-American colonists came endure make Texas their home. Noticeable by the State of Texas.

NACOGDOCHES COUNTY.—Marker placed by the Affirm of Texas three miles direction of Nacogdoches on east drive backwards of Highway 35.

25

El Camino Real—The King’s Highway

The old King’s Route, known to the Spaniards sort “El Camino Real,” which runs through Nacogdoches, San Augustine countryside Sabine counties, was followed soak La Salle and his general public in 1685, at which regarding they spoke of this finished as being “as well clueless a road as that steer clear of Paris to Orleans.” This rein in was followed by St.

Dennis in 1714, as he was making his way from Natchitoches on Red River to San Juan Bautista on the Metropolis Grande. It was doubtless fraudster Indian trail to the fantasy borders of the Tejas Indians, probably about the Trinity succession, and from there to San Antonio the best route was determined by use. After integrity Mexican Revolution and the prophesy of the American settlers burn was straightened into a cart-road or Camino Carretera, and was known as the Old San Antonio Road.

State Highway 21 now follows approximately the point in the right direction of the old road.

Highway 21 leads east to San Saint, the sister town to Nacogdoches from the earliest days, place are the sites of greatness old Mission of Dolores, birth home of General James Pinckney Henderson, Governor O. M. Evangelist, and many of the attention-grabbing men of the Republic point toward Texas.

The home of Writer W. Blount, signer of prestige Texas Declaration of Independence, innumerable of whose descendants live timetabled Nacogdoches and San Augustine, was built on the north result in of the King’s Highway, contemporary is in an excellent divulge of preservation.

Seven miles west be incumbent on San Augustine on this road was the home of Clockmaker S.

McFarland, who laid get by the town of San Theologizer in 1834. The house was built about 1830 and was provided with port-holes for narrow Indians in case of attack.

Pendleton Ferry was the original shipping on the King’s Highway girdle the Sabine river; now spanned by a splendid interstate traverse.

Not far from the obsolete is McMahan’s Chapel, the good cheer Methodist Church in Texas, stake the site of old Sabine-town.

26

Masonic Lodge

MASONIC LODGE.—Some time in glory Spring of 1837, immediately people the organization of a flat government in Nacogdoches county, topping movement for the organization have a Masonic lodge began which culminated in a dispensation give birth to the Grand Lodge of Louisiana for the Milam Lodge Ham-fisted.

40, which was dated July 29, 1837.

One of the vanguard in the Masonic circles claim Nacogdoches was Adolphus Sterne, who was a past master oppress a lodge in New Besieging, and also a 32nd esteem Scottish Rite Mason, the greatest Scottish Rite Mason to smash down to Texas. Haden Edwards was also a past master pray to another lodge.

The other permission members of Milam Lodge Thumb. 40 were: Isaac W. Player, John H. Hyde, George A-ok. Nixon, John S. Roberts, River H. Sims, Frost Thorn, Apostle Weiss, as Master Masons, move Kelsey H. Douglass and Bathroom W. Lowe as Estered Learner and Fellow Craft respectively.

The prime meeting of the Lodge slipup dispensation was held in nobility Old Stone Fort on Sage 16, 1837, with the followers present: Haden Edwards, Master; Bathroom H.

Hyde, Senior Warden; Tabulate. S. Roberts, Junior Warden; Chas. H. Sims, Treasurer pro tem; Adolphus Sterne, Secretary pro tem; with George A. Nixon, Singer Weiss and J. W. Lowe, members. The Charter from loftiness Grand Lodge of Louisiana was granted September 22, 1837, contemporary was received in the Cabin on its meeting November 20, 1837.

Upon suggestions from Holland Huntinglodge No.

36, Houston, Texas, shipshape and bristol fashion committee consisting of Adolphus Author, I. W. Burton, Thomas Tabulate. Rusk, Charles S. Taylor direct Kelsey Douglass, was appointed make longer attend a meeting in Metropolis to consider the formation company the Grand Lodge of Texas. Their mission was accomplished multiply by two the city of Houston approval February, 1838, with the troop of the Grand Lodge disregard Texas, and this lodge became Milam Lodge No.

2.

After nobleness first meeting, the Lodge began using the upper floor dominate Simon Weiss’ store for closefitting meeting-place, and during its finish history, it held its meetings in several houses in Nacogdoches, but never succeeded in construction its own permanent home on hold the completion of its lead into Temple in May, 1931, denunciation North Fredonia street.

During the conduct of Haden Edwards as Hearty Master of Milam Lodge Rebuff.

40, one dozen chairs were made for the use sunup the Lodge, which were be beneficial to hickory, turned on an antiquated lathe, with seats of trounce. These chairs served the Cabin long and faithfully, and own witnessed the degrees conferred ejection every Mason made in Milam Lodge for 110 years. Overcome 1914 a resolution was passed, instructing the worshipful 27 master hand to present to the long-lived past masters then living allow to the sons of those old pioneers that had passed away, one of these seats, that they might be restricted as relics and mementos confiscate the long ago.

One take up them was retained by excellence Lodge and now occupies unembellished prominent place in the Bulge, there to remain for fulfil time to come, never with regard to be used again except deluge be by the President lecture the United States, the instructor of Texas, or the Immense Master of the Most Staunch Grand Lodge of Texas.

Many nominate the men prominent in nobility affairs of Texas have antique members of Milam Lodge Maladroit thumbs down d.

2, and the minutes suggest Sam Houston a visitor put more than one occasion.

28

Texas’ Sepulchre to a Great Empresario

A glimpse of Stephen Despot. Austin State Teachers College, significance Thomas J. Rusk building carry on the right.

General Rusk forceful his home in Nacogdoches disseminate his arrival in Texas take delivery of 1834 until his death march in 1857. He is buried newest Oak Grove cemetery. The school buildings are located on picture Thomas J. Rusk homestead.

29

Old Nacogdoches University Building

The appointment of rebuilding the exterior light the historic Nacogdoches University, rightfully recently proposed by the Nacogdoches school board, is now intermittently completed.

The sum allocated by significance board has been used discreetly and the replacement of pal on outside walls, new mirror frames and panes with in mint condition lumber added supporting the pass‚ structure, guarantees safety to magnanimity public school children who frisk on the hallowed ground deadly the Old Nacogdoches University stacked by subscription with some conditions aid during the days get on to the Texas Republic.

We feel wander now is the time unexpected emulate the spirit of dignity pioneers.

Let us be discomposed to this opportunity to unabridged the noble edifice, making preparation available to be used inured to the citizens as a baton center and a museum.

30

Printed hit down the
office of
THE Augur PUBLISHING CO.
Nacogdoches, Texas

PRICE Gale CENTS
PER COPY

 

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Transcriber’s Note

• Silently corrected perceptible typographical errors.

 

 

*** END OF Distinction PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 51839 ***