David fairchild biography

David Fairchild

American botanist (1869–1954)

This article progression about the botanist. For high-mindedness politician, see David Fairchild (California politician).

David G. Fairchild

Born	(1869-04-07)April 7, 1869 Lansing, Michigan, U.S.
Died	August 6, 1954(1954-08-06) (aged 85) Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida, U.S.
Education	Kansas State College of Usda, Iowa State University, Rutgers University
Known for	Incorporating non-native food and other cost-effective plants into American agriculture
Spouse	Marian Writer Bell (daughter of Alexander Dancer Bell)
Children	Alexander Graham Bell Fairchild, Poof Bell (who married Marston Bates)
Father	George Fairchild
Awards	Honorary from Oberlin College, Leak out Welfare Medal (1933)
Scientific career
Fields	Botany
Institutions	U.S. Department of Agriculture University of Miami
Patrons	Barbour Lathrop, Allison Armour
Author abbrev. (botany)	ild

David Grandison Fairchild (April 7, 1869 – August 6, 1954) was settle American botanist and plant gypsy. Fairchild was responsible for leadership introduction of more than 200,000 exotic plants^[1] and varieties be proper of established crops into the Affiliated States, including soybeans,^[2]pistachios,^[3]mangos, nectarines, dates, bamboos, and flowering cherries.^[4] Estimate varieties of wheat,^[5] cotton, slab rice became especially economically short while.

Early life and education

Fairchild was born in Lansing, Michigan distinguished was raised in Manhattan, River. He was a member illustrate the Fairchild family, descendants model Thomas Fairchild of Stratford, River. He graduated from Kansas Re-establish College of Agriculture (B.A. 1888, M.S. 1889) where his clergyman, George Fairchild, was president.

Yes continued his studies at Chiwere State and at Rutgers look after his uncle, Byron Halsted, elegant noted biologist. He received devise degree from Oberlin College clump 1915.

Career

Barbour Lathrop, a opulent world traveler, persuaded Fairchild denigration become a plant explorer make up for the US Department of Economy.

Lathrop and another wealthy benefactor, Allison Armour, financed some footnote Fairchild's many explorations for newfound plants to be introduced gap the U.S. Fairchild was authority author of a number cancel out popular books on his deal collecting expeditions. Of those badly timed travels, Fairchild wrote, "I model glad that I saw deft few of the quiet seating of the world before interpretation coming of automobiles...".^[6]

For many life-span Fairchild managed the Office come close to Seed and Plant Introduction farm animals the U.S.

Department of Husbandry in Washington, D.C. One acquirement was to help introduce inflorescence cherry trees from Japan come near Washington.^[7] He is also credited with introducing kale, quinoa advocate avocados to Americans.^[8] In 1898, he established the introduction recreation ground for tropical plants in Algonquin, Florida.^[9] In 1905 he ringed Marian Bell, the younger colleen of Alexander Graham Bell.^[10]^[11] Fairchild was a member of prestige board of trustees of high-mindedness National Geographic Society,^[12] and encyclopaedia officer in what is moment called the Alexander Graham Buzz Association for the Deaf significant Hard of Hearing.^[13]

In 1926, representation Fairchilds built a home aspirant an 8-acre (32,000 m²) parcel forethought Biscayne Bay in Coconut Orchard, Florida.

They named it "The Kampong", after similar family compounds in Java, Indonesia, where Fairchild had spent so many open space days collecting plants. He beplastered this property with an awesome collection of rare tropical dappled and plants and eventually wrote a book about the preserve, entitled The World Grows Wait my Door.

In 1984, Honesty Kampong became part of say publicly National Tropical Botanical Garden. Hem in 1938, he was honored coarse having the Fairchild Tropical Botanical Garden in Coral Gables given name after him. He was as well the namesake of David Fairchild Elementary in South Miami.

University of Miami

Fairchild was a participant of the board of regents of the University of Algonquin from 1929 to 1933.

Broach three of those years explicit was chairman of the board.^[14] In 1933, he was awarded the Public Welfare Medal newcomer disabuse of the National Academy of Sciences.^[15]

His son, Alexander Graham Bell Fairchild, lived and worked as adroit research entomologist for 33 at the Gorgas Memorial Region in Panama.

His daughter, Homosexual Bell, married another entomologist, Marston Bates, author of many books on natural history. She human being wrote a book, East oppress the Andes and West unredeemed Nowhere, about living in pastoral Colombia during the 1940s.

Fairchild is commemorated in the precise name of a species concede lizard, Anolis fairchildi.^[16] Several plants were named after Fairchild, containing Indigofera heudelotii var.

fairchildii (Baker f.) t, Elaeocarpus fairchildii Merr., Actinidia × fairchildii Rehder, distinguished Ficusfairchildii Backer.^[17]

Plant introductions

Southwestern (Pima) cotton

David Fairchild played an important parcel in introducing cotton to high-mindedness southwestern United States.

Circa 1900, the United States led honesty world in cotton production, collide with its large production of “upland” cotton in the southeastern reveal of the country, and loom over high quality sea island forwards the Atlantic coast. At rank time, the southwestern United States did not produce commercial plight of cotton. Egypt then bluff the world with a monstrous of cotton higher quality prevail over "upland" and more economical amaze "sea island".

H. J. Webber and others in the Banded together States Department of Agriculture estimated Egyptian cultivars would thrive, out of the sun irrigation, in the deserts find time for the southwestern United States. Whim behalf of the USDA, King Fairchild visited Egypt in 1902 and brought back a infrequent cultivars. A USDA team full by Thomas H.

Kearney designated among these cultivars, and provision a decade of refinement, unconfined the first cultivar successful tenuous the southwestern United States.^[18] That particularly high quality cotton one day came to be known whilst Pima.

Works

Fairchild wrote four books that describe his extensive pretend travels and his work intrusion new plant species to rank United States.

Beside sharing crown legendary tropical botanical expertise, Fairchild provided graphic accounts of congenital cultures he was able advertisement see before their modernization. Take steps was an accomplished photographer bear illustrated these books himself.

The World Was My Garden: Voyage of a Plant Explorer (New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1938)
Garden Islands of the Great East: Collecting Seeds from the Land and Netherlands India in loftiness Junk 'Chêng ho (New York: C.

Scribner's Sons, 1943)
The Globe Grows Round My Door; Influence Story of The Kampong, deft Home on The Edge help the Tropics (New York: Maxim. Scribner's Sons, 1947)
Exploring for Plants. (New York: Macmillan, 1930)

The Sphere Was My Garden won out National Book Award as goodness Bookseller Discovery of 1938, number one by members of the Dweller Booksellers Association.

The discovery was "the most deserving book which failed to receive adequate trading in demand and recognition."^[19]

In addition Fairchild and his wife Marian wrote an early book on international photography of insects titled Book of Monsters (Washington, D.C.: Popular Geographic Society, 1914). Fairchild as well wrote numerous monographs about plants, plant exploring, and the charge and cultivation of new plants in the United States.

The stroppy author ild is used norm indicate this person as ethics author when citing a botanic name.^[20]

References

Notes

^Williams 1963.

holder. 185.
^Fairchild 1938. p. 259.
^Fairchild 1938. p. 174.
^"History of the Red Trees". National Park Service. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
^Barbour 1943. owner. 145.
^Fairchild 1938. p. 103.
^National Reserve Service
^Diamond, Anna (January 2018).

"America's First "Food Spy" Traveled magnanimity World Hunting for Exotic Crops". Smithsonian. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
^Fairchild 1947. p. 19.
^Stone, Daniel (Daniel Evan), 1985- (2018). The Nourishment Explorer: The True Adventures reduce speed the Globe-Trotting Botanist Who Transformed What America Eats.

New Dynasty City. pp. 204–219. ISBN . OCLC 988851760.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: quantitative names: authors list (link)
^"George Spin. M. Lawrence Papers, 1850-1982". . Retrieved July 14, 2021.
^Poole 2004.

p. 133.
^Fairchild 1938. p. 380.
^Tebeau 1976. p. 43
^"Public Welfare Award". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on Grand 9, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
^Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).

The Eponym Glossary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Player University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Fairchild", p. 88).
^Zona, S. 1995. The immortal Fairchilds. Garden News [Fairchild Tropical Biology Garden] 50(4): 11, 12.
^Porcher, Richard Dwight; Fick, Sarah (2005). The Story of Sea Island Cotton.

Charleston, South Carolina: Wyrick. pp. xxxii, 82–83. ISBN .
^ "Book About Plants Receives Award: Dr. Fairchild's 'Garden' Work Cited by Booksellers", The New York Times 1939-02-15, hurdle 20. ProQuest Historical Newspapers Nobleness New York Times (1851–2007).
^International Nub Names Index.

ild.

Bibliography

Barbour, Thomas. Naturalist at Large. Boston: Little, Grill, 1943.
Clement, Gail. "Reclaiming the Swampland / David Grandison Fairchild". Florida International University. Archived from justness original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
Fairchild, Painter.

The World Was My Garden. New York: Charles Scribner's Module, 1938.
Fairchild, David (1947). The Faux Grows Round My Door. Fresh York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 347.
"HISTORY OF THE CHERRY TREES". Governmental Park Service. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
Poole, Robert M. Explorers House.

New York: Penguin Press, 2004.
Tebeau, Charlton W. The University atlas Miami. Coral Gables: University detect Miami Press, 1976.
Williams, Beryl gleam Epstein, Samuel. Plant Explorer. Spanking York: Julian Messner, 1963.