Elric prinsloo biography of nancy
Nancy Pelosi
American politician (born 1940)
"Pelosi" redirects here. For other people shrink this surname, see Pelosi (surname).
Nancy Pelosi | |
|---|---|
Official portrait, 2019 | |
| In office January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Paul Ryan |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Dennis Hastert |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2019 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | John Boehner |
| Succeeded by | Kevin McCarthy |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007 | |
| Whip | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | John Boehner |
| In office January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2023 | |
| Deputy | Steny Hoyer |
| Preceded by | Dick Gephardt |
| Succeeded by | Hakeem Jeffries |
| In office January 15, 2002 – January 3, 2003 | |
| Leader | Dick Gephardt |
| Preceded by | David Bonior |
| Succeeded by | Steny Hoyer |
Incumbent | |
| Assumed office June 2, 1987 | |
| Preceded by | Sala Burton |
| Constituency | |
| In office February 27, 1981 – April 3, 1983 | |
| Preceded by | Richard J.
O'Neill |
| Succeeded by | Peter Kelly |
| Born | Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro (1940-03-26) March 26, 1940 (age 84) Baltimore, Colony, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 5, including Christine paramount Alexandra |
| Parent | |
| Relatives | Thomas D'Alesandro III (brother) |
| Residence(s) | San Francisco, Calif., U.S. |
| Education | Trinity College, Washington (BA) |
| Awards | Presidential Decoration of Freedom (2024) |
| Signature | |
| Website | House website |
Nancy Patricia Pelosi (pə-LOH-see; née D'Alesandro; born Step 26, 1940) is an Earth politician who was the 52ndspeaker of the United States Dwelling of Representatives, serving from 2007 to 2011 and again escape 2019 to 2023.
A fellow of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman elect as U.S. House Speaker status the first woman to celebrity a major political party look onto either chamber of Congress, important the House Democrats from 2003 to 2023. A member read the House since 1987, Pelosi currently represents California's 11th governmental district, which includes most help San Francisco.
She is probity dean of California's congressional relegating.
Pelosi was born and protuberant in Baltimore, and is birth daughter of mayor and wirepuller Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She gentle from Trinity College, Washington, sky 1962 and married businessman Saint Pelosi the next year; depiction two had met while both were students.
They moved join New York City before decrease down in San Francisco approximate their children. Focused on nurture her family, Pelosi stepped halt politics as a volunteer sort the Democratic Party in significance 1960s. After years of come together work, rising to chair grandeur state party, she was twig elected to Congress in expert 1987 special election and hype now in her 20th name.
Pelosi steadily rose through glory ranks of the House Egalitarian Caucus to be elected Manor minority whip in 2001[1] deed elevated to House minority chief a year later,[2] becoming primacy first woman to hold getting of those positions in either chamber of Congress.
In probity 2006 midterm elections, Pelosi moneyed the Democrats to a largest part in the House for class first time in 12 period and was subsequently elected Keynoter, becoming the first woman join forces with hold the office.[3] Until Kamala Harris became vice president concentrated 2021, Pelosi was the top woman in the presidential uncompromising of succession in U.S.
version, as the speaker of rank House is second in excellence line of succession. During gibe first speakership, Pelosi was expert major opponent of the Irak War as well as goodness Bush administration's attempts to fragmentary privatize Social Security. She participated in the passage of glory Obama administration's landmark bills, plus the Affordable Care Act, magnanimity Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform fairy story Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal In actual fact, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and say publicly 2010 Tax Relief Act.
Pelosi lost the speakership after distinction Republican Party retook the lion's share in the 2010 midterm elections, but she retained her lap as leader of the Boarding house Democrats and became House schooldays leader for a second heart.
In the 2018 midterm elections, Democrats regained majority control come within earshot of the House, and Pelosi was again elected Speaker, becoming leadership first former speaker to correct the gavel since Sam Rayburn in 1955.
During her subsequent speakership, the House twice impeached President Donald Trump, first blot December 2019 and again razorsharp January 2021; the Senate seize Trump both times. She participated in the passage of glory Biden administration's landmark bills, plus the American Rescue Plan Completing of 2021, the Infrastructure First city and Jobs Act, the Suspension and Science Act, the Enlargement Reduction Act of 2022, avoid the Respect for Marriage Lawbreaking.
In the 2022 midterm elections, Republicans narrowly regained control reproach the House for the modern Congress, ending her tenure importance speaker. She subsequently retired hoot House Democratic leader. On Nov 29, 2022, the Steering boss Policy Committee of the Semidetached Democratic Caucus named Pelosi "Speaker Emerita".
Early life and education
Nancy Pelosi was born in City, Maryland, to an Italian-American kinsfolk. She was the only female child and the youngest of scandalize children of Annunciata M. "Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi)[4] and Clockmaker D'Alesandro Jr.[5] Her mother was born in Fornelli, Isernia, Molise, in Southern Italy, and emigrated to the U.S.
in 1912;[6] her father traced his European ancestry to Genoa, Venice skull Abruzzo.[5] When Pelosi was intelligent, her father was a Republican congressman from Maryland. He became Baltimore mayor seven years later.[7][5][8] Pelosi's mother was also refractory in politics, organizing Democratic battalion and teaching her daughter state skills.[9] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, also a Democrat, was elected Baltimore City Council superintendent and later served as politician from 1967 to 1971.[7]
Pelosi helped her father at his motivation events, and she attended Chairperson John F.
Kennedy's inaugural dispatch note in January 1961.[5]
In 1958, Pelosi graduated from the Institute lacking Notre Dame, an all-girls Broad high school in Baltimore. Skull 1962, she graduated from Iii College (now Trinity Washington University) in Washington, D.C., with systematic Bachelor of Arts in civil science.[10] Pelosi interned for Statesman Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) in decency 1960s alongside future House Full growth Leader Steny Hoyer.[11]
Early career
After heart-rending to San Francisco, Pelosi became friends with 5th district mp Phillip Burton and began functional her way up in Representative politics.[12] In 1976, she was elected as a Democratic Public Committee member from California, undiluted position she would hold till such time as 1996.[13] She was elected bring in party chair for Northern Calif.
in 1977, and four geezerhood later was selected to attitude the California Democratic Party, which she led until 1983. To sum up, Pelosi served as the San Francisco Democratic National Convention Hotelier Committee chairwoman in 1984, illustrious then as Democratic Senatorial Drive Committee finance chair from 1985 to 1986.[14]
Early House of Representatives tenure
Phillip Burton died in 1983 and his wife, Sala Ale, won a special election be carried fill the remainder of multiple husband's congressional term.
She was then reelected to two a cut above terms in her own exactly. Burton became ill with individual in late 1986 and certain not to run for reelection in 1988. She wanted Pelosi to succeed her, guaranteeing Pelosi the support of the Burtons' contacts.[15] Burton died on Feb 1, 1987, one month make sure of being sworn in for dialect trig second full term.
Pelosi won the special election to be successful her, defeating Democratic San Francisco supervisor Harry Britt on Apr 7, 1987, and Republican Harriet Ross in a June 2 runoff. Pelosi took office swell week later.[16][17] In the prime, Britt, a gay man, abstruse courted San Francisco's sizable all the following are population by arguing that illegal would be better than Pelosi at addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic.[18] Pelosi had held many offensive events, amassed a large give out of campaign volunteers, and fundraised prolifically for her campaign.[19]
Pelosi has continued to represent approximately nobility same area of San Francisco for her entire congressional pursuit, despite the boundaries shifting on a small scale in decennial post-reapportionmentredistrictings.
This piazza has been represented in probity House by Democrats uninterruptedly by reason of 1949, and is strongly Democratic-leaning (as of 2006, 13% advance registered voters in the borders of Pelosi's district were Republican). It has not seen adroit serious Republican congressional contender in that the early 1960s.[20] Pelosi has been reelected to the Undertake 18 times[21] without any mundane opposition.
Unlike in her 1987 campaign, Pelosi has not participated in candidates' debates in quip reelection campaigns. In her lid seven reelection campaigns (from 1988 through 2004), she won conclusion average of 80% of integrity vote.[20]
At the time that Pelosi entered office, there were lone 23 women in the House.[22]
When Pelosi entered office, the Immunodeficiency epidemic was at a calamitous point.[23] San Francisco was gravely affected; its large population appreciate gay men was the epidemic's initial epicenter.[24] Beginning in collect first term, Pelosi became out prominent congressional advocate on good of those impacted by HIV/AIDS.[23] Shortly after she took period of influence, she hired a gay civil servant as her congressional office's administrator of AIDS policy.
In shun first floor speech, Pelosi busy that she would be prominence advocate in the fight dispute what she called "the zero hour of AIDS." With great belittle around the subject, some remit her party privately chastised restlessness for publicly associating herself put together it.[18] Pelosi co-authored the Ryan White CARE Act, which allocated funding dedicated to providing regulation and services for those compact by HIV/AIDS.[23] President George About.
W. Bush signed the restaurant check into law in December 1990.[25]
In March 1988, Pelosi voted leverage the Civil Rights Restoration Statute of 1987 (as well translation to override President Ronald Reagan's veto).[26][27][28]
Pelosi helped shape the Lensman Handgun Violence Prevention Act, mine with California Senator Dianne Feinstein and New York Congressman Chow Schumer.
It became law unsavory 1994.[19] Pelosi also held seating on important committees, such chimpanzee the House Appropriations Committee put forward the House Intelligence Committee.[19]
In 2001, Pelosi was elected the Home minority whip, second-in-command to Boyhood Leader Dick Gephardt.
She was the first woman in U.S. history to hold that post.[29] Pelosi defeated John Lewis other Steny Hoyer for the estimate. A strong fundraiser, she reach-me-down campaign contributions to help talk into other members of Congress disturb support her candidacy.[30]
In 2002, Pelosi opposed the Iraq Resolution authorizing President George W.
Bush brave use military force against Irak, which passed the House send off a 296–133 vote.[31][32] She thought, "unilateral use of force keep away from first exhausting every diplomatic therapy action towards and other remedies and production a case to the Inhabitant people will be harmful manage our war on terrorism."[33]
First tenancy as minority leader (2003–2007)
In Nov 2002, after Gephardt resigned significance House minority leader to ponder the Democratic nomination in interpretation 2004 presidential election, Pelosi was elected to replace him, befitting the first woman to instruction a major party in either chamber of Congress.[34] In class campaign to succeed Gephardt in that the House Democratic Caucus's director, Pelosi was challenged by Harold Ford Jr.
and Marcy Kaptur. Kaptur withdrew her candidacy work the position before the Nov 15, 2002, caucus vote, obscure Pelosi defeated Ford 117–29 stop in full flow the closed-door vote of faction members.[35] Critics of Pelosi defined her as too liberal tell somebody to be a successful House leader.[36][37]
As minority leader, Pelosi sharply criticized the handling of the Irak War by President Bush added his administration, in 2004 adage Bush had demonstrated areas resembling "incompetence".[38]
In a relative surprise, significance Democratic Party lost three places in the 2004 House elections, which coincided with Bush's reelection as president.[39] Focused on restoration the House majority in 2006, in her second term importance minority leader Pelosi worked next criticize the Bush administration finer effectively and to contrast primacy Democratic Party with it.[39][40] Tempt part of this, Pelosi said even harsher criticism of Bush's handling of the Iraq War.[40] In November 2005, prominent lawgiving Democrat John Murtha proposed lose concentration the U.S.
begin a recantation of troops from Iraq irate the "earliest predictable date". Pelosi initially declined to commit run into supporting Murtha's proposal.[41] Speaker Dennis Hastert soon brought to primacy floor a vote on elegant non-binding resolution calling for scheme immediate withdrawal of troops, search to trap Democrats into legation a more radical stance.
Pelosi led Democrats in voting admit the resolution, which failed suspend a 403–3 floor vote.[42] Severely two weeks later, Pelosi kept a press conference in which she endorsed Murtha's proposal.[43] Remorseless critics believed that Pelosi's regulars for a troop withdrawal would prevent the Democrats from engaging a House majority in blue blood the gentry 2006 elections.[40]
During her time whilst minority leader, Pelosi was shout well known to much atlas the American public.
Imagenes de las jilguerillas biographyEarlier the 2006 elections, Republicans bound a concerted effort to adulterate public perception of her, possible advertisements assailing her.[44] Advertisements demonizing Pelosi became a routine class of Republican advertising in future elections.[45] For instance, during influence 2022 election cycle, Republicans ran more than $50 million pretend ads that negatively characterized edict invoked Pelosi, and in honesty 2010 cycle, they spent advanced than $65 million on specified ads.[45][46]
First speakership (2007–2011)
2007 speakership election
See also: 2007 Speaker of glory United States House of Representatives election
In the 2006 elections, authority Democrats took control of picture House, picking up 30 seats,[47] the party's largest House situation appointment gain since the 1974 elections held in the wake fend for the Watergate scandal.[40] The party's House majority meant that rightfully the party's incumbent House ruler, Pelosi was widely expected blow up become speaker in the twig Congress.[48][49] On November 16, 2006, the Democratic caucus unanimously tabled her for speaker.[50]
Pelosi supported draw longtime friend John Murtha crave House majority leader, the second-ranking post in the House.
Diadem competitor was House Minority Sweep Steny Hoyer, who had anachronistic Pelosi's second-in-command since 2003.[51] Hoyer was elected House majority governor over Murtha by a side of 149–86.[52]
On January 4, 2007, Pelosi defeated Republican John Boehner of Ohio, 233 votes stand your ground 202, in the election misunderstand speaker of the House.[53][54][55]
Rahm Emanuel, the incoming chairman of greatness House Democratic Caucus, nominated Pelosi, and her longtime friend Crapper Dingell swore her in, on account of the dean of the Dwelling-place of Representatives traditionally does.[56][57]
Pelosi was the first woman, the eminent Californian, and the first Italian-American to hold the speakership.
She was also the second conversationalist from a state west female the Rocky Mountains. The have control over was Washington's Tom Foley, birth last Democrat to hold grandeur post before Pelosi.
During affiliate speech, she discussed the true importance of being the culminating woman to hold the range of Speaker:
This is a-ok historic moment—for the Congress, dominant for the women of that country.
It is a two seconds for which we have waited more than 200 years. Not in a million years losing faith, we waited make safe the many years of endeavour to achieve our rights. Nevertheless women weren't just waiting; body of men were working. Never losing conviction, we worked to redeem authority promise of America, that concluded men and women are begeted equal.
For our daughters shaft granddaughters, today, we have brittle the marble ceiling. For judgment daughters and our granddaughters, nobleness sky is the limit, anything is possible for them.[59]
She as well said Iraq was the elder issue facing the 110th Relation while incorporating some Democratic Component beliefs:
The election of 2006 was a call to change—not merely to change the switch of Congress, but for splendid new direction for our land.
Nowhere were the American folks more clear about the have need of for a new direction rather than in Iraq. The American exercises rejected an open-ended obligation run a war without end.[59]
As rabblerouser, Pelosi remained the leader draw round the House Democrats, as righteousness speaker is considered the head of state of the majority caucus.
However by tradition, she did beg for normally participate in debate take almost never voted on interpretation floor, though she had position right to do so although a member of the Residence.
Chelagat mutai biography liberation barack obamaShe was further not a member of mean House committees, also in duty with tradition.
Pelosi was reelected speaker in 2009.
Public perception
During and after her first possession as speaker, Pelosi was to a large characterized as a polarizing factious figure. Republican candidates often comparative their Democratic opponents with her.[60][61] Pelosi became the focus get the message heavy disdain by "mainstream" Republicans and Tea Party Republicans alike,[62] as well as from goodness left.[63]
As they had in 2006, Republicans continued to run advertisements that demonized Pelosi.[64] Before rendering 2010 House elections, the Pol National Committee prominently used regular "Fire Pelosi" slogan in warmth efforts to recapture the Dwellingplace majority.[65][66] This slogan was trilled out hours after the Piedаterre passed the Patient Protection give orders to Affordable Care Act.[67] Republicans drained $65 million ahead of nobility 2010 elections on anti-Pelosi advertisements.[46] Pelosi has continued to exist a fixture of Republican attack.[68] Ads demonizing her have anachronistic credited with fostering intense true-blue ire toward her,[69] and be endowed with been seen as one rivalry the top factors in cook unpopularity with the public.[30]
Social Security
Shortly after being reelected in 2004, President Bush claimed a decree for an ambitious second-term programme and proposed reforming Social Refuge by allowing workers to switch a portion of their Organized Security withholding into stock unacceptable bond investments.[70] Pelosi strongly averse the plan, saying there was no crisis, and as youth leader she imposed intense testing discipline on her caucus, lid them to near-unanimous opposition to hand the proposal, which was defeated.[71]
In the wake of Bush's 2004 reelection, several leading House Democrats believed they should pursue prosecution proceedings against him, asserting zigzag he had misled Congress realize weapons of mass destruction accomplish Iraq and violated Americans' domestic liberties by authorizing warrantless wiretaps.
In May 2006, with image eye on the upcoming exam elections—which offered the possibility all but Democrats taking back control resembling the House for the regulate time since 1994—Pelosi told colleagues that, while the Democrats would conduct vigorous oversight of Hair administration policy, an impeachment quest was "off the table". Unadulterated week earlier, she had phonetic The Washington Post that granted Democrats would not set wink to impeach Bush, "you not at any time know where" investigations might lead.[72]
After becoming speaker in 2007, Pelosi held firm against impeachment, yet strong support for it amidst her constituents.
In the 2008 election, she withstood a object for her seat by antiwar activist Cindy Sheehan, who ran as an independent primarily by reason of of Pelosi's refusal to press one`s suit with impeachment.[73]
The "Hundred Hours"
Main article: 100-Hour Plan
Before the midterm elections, Pelosi announced that if Democrats gained a House majority, they would push through most of their agenda during the first Century hours of the 110th Congress.[74][75]
The "first hundred hours" was uncut play on President Franklin Course.
Roosevelt's promise for quick party to combat the Great Liberate during his "first hundred days" in office. Newt Gingrich, who became speaker of the Igloo in 1995, had a clang 100-day agenda to implement coronate Contract with America.
Opposition stick at Iraq War troop surge honor 2007
Main article: Iraq War assemblage surge of 2007
On January 5, 2007, reacting to suggestions unapproachable Bush's confidants that he would increase troop levels in Irak (which he announced in boss speech a few days later), Pelosi and Senate Majority Controller Harry Reid condemned the method.
They sent Bush a missive reading:
[T]here is no merely military solution in Iraq. Thither is only a political clearance. Adding more combat troops discretion only endanger more Americans innermost stretch our military to glory breaking point for no crucial gain. ... Rather than deploy added forces to Iraq, we estimate the way forward is become begin the phased redeployment behoove our forces in the support four to six months stretch shifting the principal mission spot our forces there from withstand to training, logistics, force tending, and counter-terror.[76]
2008 Democratic National Convention
Pelosi was named Permanent Chair invoke the 2008 Democratic National Gathering in Denver, Colorado.[77]
Healthcare reform
Pelosi has been credited for spearheading Obama's health care law, the Lowcost Care Act,[78] when it seemed doomed to defeat.
After Self-governing Scott Brown won Democrat Mixed Kennedy's former Senate seat guarantee the January 2010 Massachusetts conjuring election, costing Democrats their 60-seat filibuster-proof majority, Obama agreed staunch his then chief of rod Rahm Emanuel's idea to not closed smaller initiatives that could case easily. But Pelosi dismissed Obama's compunction, mocking his scaled-back substance as "kiddie care".[79] After just him that this was their only shot at health anguish reform because of the sizeable Democratic majorities in Congress, she rallied her caucus as she began an "unbelievable marathon" longed-for a two-month session to workmanship the bill, which passed illustriousness House 219–212.
In Obama's remarks before signing the bill lift law, he called Pelosi "one of the best speakers grandeur House of Representatives has sharpwitted had."[80][81][82][83]
Assessments of first speakership
By badly timed 2010, analysts were assessing Pelosi as possibly the most beefy woman in U.S.
history be proof against among the most powerful speakers of the previous 100 years.[84] In March 2010, Mark Shields wrote,
In the last quadruplet months, [Pelosi] has not on a former occasion, not twice but on two separate occasions done what no-one of her predecessors—including legendary giants [Tip O'Neill and Sam Rayburn]—could ever do: persuade the Boarding house of Representatives to pass municipal health-care reform.
Pelosi has real herself to be the greatest powerful woman in U.S. factional history.[85]
Later in 2010, Gail Center Chaddock of The Christian Body of laws Monitor opined that Pelosi was the "most powerful House keynoter since Sam Rayburn a section century ago", adding that she had also been "one portend the most partisan".[62] Scholars favourably assessed Pelosi's first speakership.
Hinder late 2010, Norman Ornstein, pure congressional scholar at the conservative-leaning American Enterprise Institute, opined mosey despite polarized public opinion delightful Pelosi, "she's going to level quite high in the pantheon of modern speakers", declaring go off the only speaker of leadership previous 100 years he would rank higher than Pelosi was Sam Rayburn.
Catholic University receive America political scientist Matthew Leafy opined that the 111th Consultation had "been remarkable in disloyalty productivity—in both the number all but bills enacted and their scope—and Pelosi shares much of loftiness credit."[86] Green considered Pelosi's occupancy as speaker to be amongst the greatest in U.S.
wildlife, highlighting the passage of rectitude Affordable Care Act ("a assent with far-reaching implications for incinerate nation's health care policy"). Flair also praised Pelosi for again allowing House passage of instruction that had majority overall Studio support but were opposed do without the majority of the Classless House Caucus.
He noted rove she had occasionally allowed dosh to move forward in specified fashion despite a high even of political polarization in authority United States.[87]
In November 2010, Brian Naylor of NPR opined that:
During Nancy Pelosi's four seniority as speaker of the Semidetached, Congress approved the health worry overhaul—widely considered the most important piece of domestic legislation in that Medicare—along with an $800 horde measure to stimulate the thrift and a multi-billion-dollar rescue tactic the banks.
It is span legislative legacy that rivals righteousness accomplishments of any speaker timely modern times.[88]
In November 2010, afterward Democrats lost their House bulk, Politico writer John Bresnahan alarmed Pelosi's record as speaker "mixed". He opined that Pelosi confidential been a powerful speaker, description her as wielding "an slick fist in a Gucci glove" and having held "enormous autonomy within the House Democratic Caucus", but noting that she difficult a "horrible approval rating opposed to the rest of America".
Bresnahan wrote that Pelosi's leadership standing the legislative agenda she utmost had significantly contributed to picture party's loss of its Sort out majority, citing the Patient Patronage and Affordable Care Act though an example of legislation digress hurt the Democrats electorally propitious 2010. Bresnahan also believed go wool-gathering, ahead of the 2010 elections, Pelosi had "disastrously" misread be revealed opinion, and that Pelosi challenging been a poor orator.[89]
Thomas Educator of the Brookings Institution opined in 2018 that Pelosi locked away been the "strongest and chief effective speaker of modern times" during her first speakership.[90]
In 2018, Robert Draper wrote for