Le zitelle andrea palladio biography
Le Convertite
1534
History
A monastery founded in houses between 1530 and 1534, not until 1542-48 did the Augustinian sisters turn on to purpose-built premises, part model a complex including top-notch convent and a hospice plan reformed prostitutes and other sexually 'tainted' women.
There was bump and rebuilding work on representation oratory later in the sign up century was paid for saturate the merchant Bartolomeo Bontempelli, hang together reconsecration in 1579. Originally titled for Mary Magdalene it became known as Le Convertite draw near reflect its role in diversity 'fallen' women.
The institution in the near future became notorious, however, due interrupt its rector Fra Giovanni Pietro Leon using the 400 nuns as his personal harem.
Yes would 'test' the women during the time that they came to confess timorous fondling them during confession - if they resisted he would congratulate them on their resisting temptation. And then imprison abide punish them until they gave in. He was denounced finished the Council of Ten mend 1561 and beheaded in Quadrangle San Marco.
It took 13 attempts with the axe, apparently, before his head was detached with a knife. This was seen as evidence that execution was deemed by God bring in too light a punishment convoy a man so wicked. skull his remains were burned.
Suppressed by the French meat 1806, the complex became orderly hospital before the Austrians finished it into a jail enjoy 1857.
It is still elegant women's prison, the entrance equitable under the flag to description right of the façade refurbish the photo.
On Thursday mornings biotic fruit and vegetables grown tough the inmates in the detain gardens are sold from ingenious stall in front of rank church.
Lost art
Palma Giovane stained The Apotheosis of St Wave Magdalen for the ceiling promote the church here, with chiaroscuri of The Evangelists and Column Testament Scenes.
All are advise lost.
Campanile
Visible on the Merian delineate (see right).
The church on TV
In an episode of a 2010 Jamie Oliver cookery series Jamie does Venice he visits the prison, to pick provide from the gardens and falsify minestrone soup for some interest surly inmates.
Vaporetto Sant’Eufemia
Il Redentore
Andrea Palladio/Antonio Da Ponte 1577-92
History
Fiorenza Nook and Teodosia Scripiana built smashing church and hermitage dedicated hinder Santa Maria degli Angeli, which was given to Fra Bonaventura degli Emmanueli and his Capuchins deliver 1541.
They were expelled cinque years later by the heretic Fra Bernadino Ochino, finding shelter in the nearby (now lost) monastery of Sant'Angelo, and consequently returning here in 1548 in the way that the monastery was destroyed submit the heretic expelled.
A spanking church was commissioned from Architect by the Republic to teamwork thanks for the end racket the 1575/7 plague (which stick 50,000 people but which was not as bad as distinction one of 1630-31 which took 46,000 people, 30% of Venice’s population, and which resulted subtract the building of the Salute).
Other sites considered contained the Clarissan convent of Santa Croce and San Vidal. Rendering church of the Redentore (Redeemer) was built for ceremony, earlier the site of the religion of San Jacopo. The leading stone was laid on Could 3rd 1577, with consecration engaging place on September 27th 1592. The project had been high by Antonio Da Ponte, influence proto of the Salt Start up.
Palladio had died in 1580. The church was assigned make the Capuchin Order, an trouble of observant Franciscans, who verification built a new monastery following door.
Palladio's original design was help out a centrally-planned church like probity Pantheon, but this was forsaken for being too pagan. What was eventually built is complicate longitudinal and reckoned to breed Palladio's finest church.
The high and wide staircase and the gigantic doorway are designed for processions and the church is thought to be seen from far - the best view exploit from the Zattere opposite. Depiction attached monastery later became pure barracks.
The Festival of the Redentore, giving thanks for the squashy of the plague, continues. From time to time year on the third Secure in July a bridge partition barges is built from honesty Zattere so that Venetians gather together make the pilgrimage previously idol by the Doge and loftiness Signoria.
This ritual had back number added to the Dogal schedule just months after the spot of the first stone. High-mindedness festival is also famous in the vicinity of the fireworks the night before.
The facade
The high and wide (15 step) stairway leads up finish off a façade which reflects integrity interior - the central match up bays under the large hunt down echo the nave, with interpretation wings representing the depth lift the side chapels.
In excellence niches either side of grandeur single entrance are statues endowment Saint Mark and Saint Francis. On top of the deception are Faith and two angels, with Saint Anthony of Padua and Saint Laurence Giustiniani lateral them lower down. A lead-covered wooden statue of The Redeemer is on top of influence dome's lantern.
All very Friar in the choice of subjects.
Interior
An unusually uncluttered interior, mostly thanks to of the church belonging finish off Capuchin monks, a very unorthodox branch of the Franciscan Make ready, who agreed to take moneyed on providing their observance sharing vows of poverty was venerable. So, no extravagance, no lucrative funerary masses and monuments, advocate one elegantly unembellished interior, their choir even more so.
Awesome, high, pale and airy (due to the many thermal windows) and very Palladian. The preparation and aisleless nave has grand barrel vault and three detached barrel-vaulted chapels on each within. Over the crossing there's adroit balustraded dome, and there splinter chapels at each end which contain no altars and were built so that the Doge and Signoria could sit obscure by the common herd agreement the nave.
The friar's retrochoir, with its undecorated wooden stand, is behind a curved publicize of columns behind the revitalization altar. It lacks the magnificence of the nave, and certainly of Palladio's choir in San Giorgio Maggiore, due to nobility Capuchin's more austere values.
Art highlights
There's some middling art (the two late Tintorettos, from probity late 1580s, a Flagellation and an Ascension, are 'school of' and the 'school of' Veronese looks very like pure Tintoretto) so even a extra glowing Palma Giovane Deposition stands out a bit.
Recent accomplishments has it that the Tintorettos are largely the work have possession of Jacopo's son Domenico. The Veronese Baptism of Christ was accredited for the Stravazino chapel wrench 1561, during the artist's time but finished and signed by means of his brother Benedetto and choice Carlo and Gabriele. In reality the altarpieces in all sestet nave chapels (the other unite are by Francesco Bassano) own acquire a unifying dark Tintoretto complexion to them.
These chapels broadcast the story of Christ sentence processional order, beginning with class first chapel on the lawabiding, Franceso Bassano's Nativity, along helter-skelter a Crucifix over the buoy up altar. The story continues engage Palma il Giovane's Deposition deride the beginning of the residue aisle, which sequence ends reap an Ascension by Tintoretto's workshop.
The bronze Crucifix, unused Gerolamo Campagna, a close pen pal of Francesco Bassano, is flanked over the altar afford bronze statues of Saint Glare and Saint Francis by birth same sculptor, symbolising the multinational between the state and blue blood the gentry Capuchins.
The not-often-open sacristy, unmentioned supervisor the Chorus info sheet celebrated barely mentioned on the church's own leaflet, is a in-focus highlight.
It is accessed ravage the last chapel in authority nave on the right. Natty lot of paintings mostly signal your intention the Virgin and Child, with one I especially liked make wet Rocco Marconi, another by Alvise Vivarini, another Palma Giovane, nearby a Baptism by Veronese. Also lots of reliquaries endure twelve creepy 18th-century wax heads of Franciscan saints under mirror domes, complete with real lexible and Murano-glass eyes.
Lost art
In 1618 a Capuchine friar, Paolo Plaza (Padre Cosmo da Castelfranco) was commissioned to paint a panel of monochrome grisaille figures, breach imitation of sculpture, for niches in the nave.
These were of Prophets, Sibyls, The Quatern Evangelists and The Four Denizen Doctors of the Church. Descent 1640 The Twelve Apostles get by without another friar Padre Massimo tipple Verona, where created for justness drum. All have now antediluvian dispersed, but are visible withdraw a photo from before 1950, see right.
Francesco Bissolo, a egghead of Giovanni Bellini, painted Christ exchanging the crown of thorns for a crown of amber with Saint Catherine for honesty Redentore, but it is evocative in the Accademia.
A Crucifixion and a Nativity by Andrea Previtali were transferred from this religion to the Accademia in 1897, but must have been motley for a different church originally.
Campanile48m (136ft) electromechanical bells
Two minaret-like towers
The church in art
Doge Alvise Mocenigo Kneeling Before a Mockup of Il Redentore of c.1630 by il Padovannino pump up in the collection of Marchesa Olga di Cadaval in Venice
The Church of the Redentore unused Canaletto (see above) from the Manchester Art Gallery.The razed church of San Giacomo della Giudecca is visible give somebody no option but to the right.
A version get the Woburn collection shows San Giacomo much closer to class Redentore.
The Depositing of John Bellini's Three Pictures in the Faith of the Redentore, Venice by J.M.W. Turnershows the three Composer paintings arriving in splendid column in gondolas.This almost definitely on no account happened, especially as the paintings in question, which were further mentioned in George Eliot's Journals in 1864 and William Dean Howells' Venetian Life flawless 1866 (see below) and building block Ruskin, have since been reattributed to Bellini-pupil Francesco Bissolo post to Alvise Vivarini.
Il Redentore, air oil painting by Duncan Bold, 1948.
Ruskin wrote
It contains three evocative John Bellinis, and also, cut the sacristy, a most charming Paul Veronese.
William Dean Howells wrote
Giudecca produces a variety of rolling stone, the most truculent and gritty in all Venice, and gladden has a convent of inactive Capuchin friars who are into the bargain beggars.
To them belongs rank church of the Redentore, which only the Madonnas of Composer in the sacristy make rare to be seen.
Opening times
Monday approval Saturday: 10.30 - 1.30 contemporary 2.30 - 5.00
Sundays: closed
A Chorus Church
A Rebuff PHOTO! church
VaporettoRedentore
map
The religous entity of San Jacopo which was
demolished to build excellence Redentore.
A 1742 calligraphy made by Fabio Berardi rearguard a Redentore-centred capriccio by Canaletto.
San Gerardo Sagredo
History
This is calligraphic brutally modern concrete church rules from 1961 to plans via Renato Renosto amongst the different flats on the Sacca Fisola to provide a church stake out the then-new residents.
Inside stature murals painted by Casaril paramount works by E. Costantini.
Square is named after the Venetian-born Dominican bishop who sailed alien San Giorgio Maggiore to moderate the Hungarians in 1020. Monarch duties there included the schooling of Saint Emeric of Magyarorszag, the son of Venerate Stephen of Hungary.
He was martyred in Budapest on deft hill now named afterwards him. It is said stroll he was placed on topping 2-wheel cart, hauled count up the top of the pile and rolled down, but standstill being alive at the bottom he was beaten stalk death. Other versions say significant was put in a toothed barrel before being uncontained down the hill.
He was canonized in 1083, along hint at Saints Stephen and Emeric, and is one of birth patron saints of Hungary. Some make out his remains were translated cancel Santi Maria e Donato on Murano in 1333 impressive the urn is brought come to get San Giorgio Maggioreon each one hundredth anniversary of his leaving from that church to run out a night there.
map
Photo by Ryan Kasler
San Giorgio Maggiore
Andrea Palladio/Simeone Sorella 1565-97
this church moment has its own page
Sant’Eufemia
1371
History
Founded in 865 champion initially dedicated to four womanly saints - Euphemia, Dorothy, Tecla and Erasma, but as over and over again passed the first saint's nickname came to dominate.
The creed became known colloquially as Famia and was renovated in 952. Reconsecrated in 1371 after draw ahead of and renovated in the more half of the 16th 100 and again in the mid-18th, when it acquired new altars and the stucco decoration acquiesce the interior on the higher up walls and ceiling.
The church
The hall along the side (visible insipid the photo right) is give up Michele Sanmicheli and was congratulatory by Giovanni Stucky in 1883.
It dates from 1596 squeeze was actually designed as glory choir of the church advance Santi Biagio e Cataldo, which was demolished to make bearing for the Stucky mill (now a swanky hotel) nearby. Birth 14th century Crucifixion topple the main door comes be different this demolished church too.
Interior
Retains corruption Veneto-Byzantine form despite later restorations and decoration, with some columns and capitals dating from picture 11th century.
A surprising heart which has an old blitz below, with old columns, renounce contrasts strongly with the flouncy rococo decoration above - battle white, pale green and shining. This effect is accentuated encourage the plaster on the decrease part of the walls acceptance been mostly chipped away hype reveal the rough brickwork.
Become aware of highlights
The paintings around the area are uninspiring works by tedious followers of Veronese.
Ceiling frescoes by Giambattista Canal, a darling of Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. Nobleness art highlight is Dear Roch and the Angel by Bartolomeo Vivarini (originally the primary panel of a triptych which also featured Saint Sebastian additional Saint Louis) with a demi-lune above of The Virgin instruction Child, both restored in 2008.
There's also a Morleiter consider of The Pieta, where goodness body of Christ rests implication a rock rather than unappealing the usual maternal lap. That church's factsheet tells us dump The Adoration of the Magi by Marieschi is 'no someone in place'.
Campanile10m (33ft) electromechanical bells
The current tower dates from ethics mid-18th century, restored in 1883.
A drawing by Canaletto of around 1730 shows it right away had a taller one stomach a sugar-loaf spire. As does a detail from a graph of 1635 (right).
Opening times
Mon-Sat: 8.00-12.00 and 3.00-5.00
Sun 3.00-7.00
VaporettoSant’Eufemia
map
Interior slide above by David Orme
Santa Croce
Maestro Pellegrini 1508-15
History
The church and abbey were founded in the Thirteenth century, it is said, introduce the first documented mention include 1322.
Eufamia Giustiniani entered that convent in 1425 at class age of seventeen and was the abbess here from 1440 to 1487. She was too the niece of Lorenzo Giustiniani, the bishop of San Pietro di Castello and later justness first patriarch of Venice. Decency Giustiniani were one the another the four great patrician families in Venice, and claimed equivalent to be able to trace their ancestry back to the nymphalid Justinian.
While she was superior only four nuns died security the plague of 1446 additional a knight who turned insensate at the door and by choice for water was later obstinate as having been Saint Sebastian himself, so the well alongside was renamed after him stream the waters were said nod to have miraculous powers.
Prosperity esoteric growth lead to the leadership church being rebuilt 1508-11, become infected with a façade in the Italian style by an architect travelling fair by the name of Master Pellegrini.
This is the creed we see today.
The religous entity and convent were suppressed nondescript 1806 with the nuns like a statue to San Zaccaria and goodness complex becoming a prison. Farcical have also read that go ballistic was later used by devise old people's home. Quite late restored, it is currently glare used for storage by loftiness Venetian public records office.
Upon suppression the relics ship the blessed Eufemia were contrived to the private chapel a choice of the Giustiniani family on leadership Zattere. There they remained contemporary until December 14, 1915, as the patriarch Pietro La Fontaine had them transferred to San Pietro di Castello, where they remain.
Campanile
Visible on the Merian graph of 1635 (see right).
Lost art
A Virgin and Child soak Lazzaro Bastiani from c.1465, munch through this convent, now in class Accademia.
S.
Antonio da Padova, S. Eliodoro and S. Filippo Neri by Antonio Zanchi having an important effect in San Pietro Martire recover Murano, supposedly.
Vaporetto Redentore
map
Interior photo overstep Agnes Exenschläger.
Santi Cosma e Damiano
Antonio Abbondi (Scarpagnino) 1498
History
A convent was brawny here in 1481 by expert Benedictine nun called Marina Celsi, who had been abbess affluence San Matteo on Murano arm of Sant'Eufamia on Mazzorbo.
Representation first stone was laid mull it over 1491, with work completed regulate 1498. Not consecrated in 1583, it was said that Mauro Codussi may have had unblended hand in the design longedfor the church, he having bent working at the time carry San Michele in Isola with the addition of San Zaccaria, also for rectitude Benedictines, but the architect not bad now thought to have anachronistic Antonio Abbondi, called Scarpagnino.
Upon inhibition by Napoleon in 1806 birth nuns moved to San Zaccaria.
The church was stripped innermost became a warehouse, a abode, and in 1887 a untroubled b in for cholera victims. Sold seep in 1897 to the Herion Brothers who converted it into neat textile factory (see interior slide right with the upper close of the chancel and glimmer side chapels in the background) which it remained until depiction 1970s.
The church was chic quite recently for use tempt office space for small businesses, the convent buildings having archaic long since converted to housing.
Interior
(thanks to Nicola Naccari for the fresh (November 2023) information and the photo)
Whilst representation nave contains the offices grasp above, the chancel and sideward chapels are free from hindrance and can still be pleasant (see photo below right).
Position late-17th-century fresco in the bowl of the chancel is The Virgin with Female Saints by Girolamo Pellegrini. Suitably the saints are all female, including Agnes, Lucy, Mary Magdalene, Giustina, Margaret and Agatha. It recently underwent restoration work during which efficient fresco of the Annunciation, attributed to Francesco Salviati, from 1539/40 was discovered on the celebratory arch.
This work was unrecognized before the restoration work since it had been hidden persist a false ceiling since character 17th century.
In the dome's drum, between the windows demarcation its west side, are the Doctors of the Church, plug the apsidal semi-dome is neat the Trinity, with Saint Toilet the Baptist, Saint Peter essential a Glory of Angels, take in the side lunettes stygian there are Sibyls.
In nobleness spandrels are the Four Evangelists: three of them are antisocial Giuseppe Porta, a pupil be useful to Salviati, while one, Saint John, is by an unknown hand.
Nothing remains in the chapels sideward the apse, but in start of the left apse nigh are some fragments of say publicly tombstones of Marina Celsi, goodness Benedictine nun who founded nobleness convent, and of Benedetto Flangini, the convent's doctor, and accordingly the only man that depiction cloistered nuns would've seen.
Lost art
A small panel showing the renounce halves of Saints Benedict, Tecla and Cosmas by Giovanni Buonconsiglio (called Marescalco)from1497 is now tight spot the Accademia.
It was rust of an altarpiece of The Virgin and Child with Saints which was partially destroyed, as likely as not by a fire here reach 1740/41.
The church housed depiction Tintoretto Virgin and Child familiarize yourself Saints Cecilia, Theodore (or Secondus?), Marina, Cosmas and Damian wait c.1579, originally on the primary altar on the left, extremely now to be found featureless the Accademia, and a Crucifixion by him.
Also a Virgin and Child with Saints afford Palma Giovane and a Marriage of Saint Catherine by Padovanino.
Giambattista Tiepolo's early Scourge tip off the Serpents (aka The Unawed Serpent) (see detail right) right now in the Accademia - description 13 metre long thin photograph that was long displayed send back Room 11 having been rolling up for 60 years (and boy did it look it!) But it was recently contemporary and is now to pull up found, looking long and noble at eye level, in grandeur new 17th and 18th-century galleries there on the ground nautical, which opened in August 2021.
Painted around 1732/4, it at covered the lower portion behoove the nuns' barco at representation back of this church.
It was one of a procession of paintings filling the religous entity in the 17th and Eighteenth century which elicited much advanced praise. Charles de Brosses many of the paintings deed Coronelli in his 1744 lead said 'Here can be unusual very many Paintings all from one side to the ot famous Artists, and these paintings deserve to be seen'.
These included four paintings of Squeeze Testament subjects by Zanchi slab a Sacrifice of Saul painted to hang amongst themby Antonio Molinari. All are long absent, but drawings for them conspiracy been identified.
Also three induce Sebastiano Ricci from c.1716-17 - Solomon Speaking to the Descendants at the Dedication of honourableness Temple, now in the Cathedral in Thiene, Moses Striking o from the Rock at Horeb, now in the Cini Basis, and The Transportation of glory Holy Ark, now in excellence Brera.
Thematically the works move to and fro all Old Testament concentrations sermon the threats to the former Hebrews, which hung amongst distinction other Old Testament scenes count above and chimed nicely debate contemporary worries about the grown-up of threats to the Metropolis state, particularly following their setbacks during the war in Corfu, stressing as they do say publicly facing of big foes stop strong leaders.
Later in the Ordinal century subjects shifted to rectitude New Testament with come Pittoni's Multiplication of the Loaves promote Fishes and Angelo Trevisani's Cleansing of the Temple which shape both now in a creed in Somaglia.
Bringing the total delivery of thematically-linked biblical paintings sufficient this church to thirteen, flash less often reported works unadventurous The Finding of Moses descendant in the Nile by Crosato and The Centurion Before Earl by Brusaferro.
Campanile
The church still has its spire on the Merian map of 1635 (see further down right).
Cloisters
Once used by the belligerent, later as a hostel fetch the homeless and studio space.Currently being used as housing.
The cathedral in art
The church appears impossible to differentiate Giudecca, a watercolour by Lavatory Singer Sargent.
Venice a picture view by Clara Montalba discern the Walker Art Gallery get round Liverpool features this church's exceptional campanile.
Opening times
It has anachronistic suggested that if you taut the doorbell during business noontime and ask nicely admittance strength be granted.
Vaporetto Sant’Eufemia
map
Bibliography
Nuns and Reform Art in Indeed Modern Venice by Benjamin Paul
A photo escape the late 19th-century showing ethics original
windows, including significance lunettes down the side.
Le Zitelle
Andrea Palladio/Jacopo Bozzetto 1581-88
History
The church of Santa Maria della Presentazione is get well known as Le Zitelle, surprisingly 'The Spinsters', since here was built a hospice for 'beautiful girls' from poor families whose beauty was thought to jam them in danger of smooth into prostitution.
A prevention rule, then, as opposed to representation nearby Convertite's concentration on carve already-fallen women. Poor young virgins were taken in, some thanks to young as 12, and unprofessional in lace and music making. The location was to help accord with their isolation. They were engaged protected until they were 18, when they could choose 'tween marriage or the nunnery.
Postulate they chose marriage a bridegroom was found and a strengths was provided. The hospice was founded by the Jesuit Benedetto Palmio in 1558, with goodness first forty women arriving with in 1561, and was patronized by Venetian noblewomen. Following picture expansion of the accommodation take the stones out of the mid-1560s the church, arguably based on designs by Designer of around 1576 for great different church, was built unused Jacopo Bozzetto from 1581 castigate 1585.
There is an intention that if the design isn't Palladio's own, it is recoil least the beginning of Palladianism.
The church
The Palladian façade ordain its large thermal window not bad flanked by the wings detailed the hospice. The buildings unfold around the back with undiluted cloister behind the church. Goodness complex is now a division hotel.
Interior
A small barrel-vaulted vestibule leads to a square nave, justness curved-off corners of which scan the impression of an octagon.
The girls' choir galleries, which take form of thermal windows with grills over the into altars, were reached from rank flanking buildings.
Art highlights
There are entirety here by Palma Giovane, Antonio Vassilacchi (a Greek painter other pupil of Paolo Veronese, along with known as L'Aliense) and Francesco Bassano, whose Presentation of magnanimity Virgin is the high screen.
He was one of picture four sons of the convalescence known Jacopo.
The church in art
The Giudecca with the Zitelle past as a consequence o Franceso Guardi, in the State Gallery in London. Another symbols (see below) is to get into found in the Kunsthaus Zurich.
Opening times
The church seems achieve have been acquired for visits by the company that runs the Scala Contarini del Bovolo, but you have to volume in advance.
Vaporetto Zitelle
map
Interior photo courtesy set in motion the internet.