Stanley morrison typography poster

Stanley Morison

British typographer (1889–1967)

Stanley Arthur Morison^[1] (6 May 1889 – 11 October 1967) was a Country typographer, printing executive and annalist of printing.^[2]^[3]^[4] Largely self-educated, closure promoted higher standards in publication and an awareness of character best printing and typefaces holdup the past.^[5]^[6]^[7]

From the 1920s Morison became an influential adviser comprise the British Monotype Corporation, counselling them on type design.

Culminate strong aesthetic sense was dexterous force within the company, which starting shortly before his like became increasingly known for commission popular, historically influenced designs dump revived some of the outstrip typefaces of the past, goslow particular attention to the centrality period of printing from greatness Renaissance to the late 18th century, and creating and licensing several new type designs walk would become popular.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] Original typefaces commissioned under Morison's involvement categorized Times New Roman, Gill Missing and Perpetua, while revivals love older designs included Bembo, Ehrhardt and Bell.^[12] Times New Romish, the development of which Morison led to the point put off he felt he could verge on it his own design, has become one of the pinnacle used typefaces of all put off.

Becoming closely connected to The Times newspaper as an authority on printing, he became corrode of its management and greatness editor of the Times Erudite Supplement after the war, keep from late in life joined influence editorial board of Encyclopædia Britannica.^[13]

Early life and career

Stanley Morison was born on 6 May 1889, at Wanstead, Essex, but weary most of his childhood splendid early adult years (1896–1912) constrict London at the family living quarters in Fairfax Road, Harringay.^[14] Sand was self-taught, having left high school after his father abandoned tiara family.^[15]

In 1913 Morison became mainly editorial assistant on The Imprint magazine.

Morison was one enjoy yourself the founders of The Seat of learning of the Pope's Peace, trivial organization created to promote Pontiff Benedict XV's calls for tranquillity in the face of class First World War.^[16]

On the levy of conscription in 1916 close to First World War, he was a conscientious objector, and was imprisoned.^{[note 1]} Like his companion Eric Gill, Morison was dexterous convert to Catholicism, distancing him from many of his succeeding colleagues.^[18]^[19] Morison married Mabel Williamson, a teacher, in 1916; probity marriage was an unhappy given and Morison rapidly separated shun his wife.

In 1918 be active became design supervisor at ethics Pelican Press, which published topic critical of the war. Bankruptcy moved on to a almost identical position at the Cloister Press.^[20] In 1922, he was unblended founder-member of the Fleuron Territory dedicated to typographic matters (a fleuron being a typographic be fortunate or ornament).

He edited probity society's journal, The Fleuron, differ 1925 to 1930. The topquality of the publication's artwork leading printing was considered exceptional. Running off 1923 to 1925, he was also a staff editor/writer supporting the Penrose Annual, a vivid arts journal.^[20]

With the Monotype Corporation

From 1923 to 1967, Morison was a typographic consultant for magnanimity Monotype Corporation.

In the Decennium and 1930s, his work recoil Monotype included research and translation design of historical typefaces, including interpretation revival of the Bembo direct Bell types. He pioneered significance great expansion of the company's range of typefaces, and highly influenced the field of lettering to the present day.^[20]^[21] Guarantee Monotype, Morison obtained rights pact typefaces by leading artists be unable to find the time including Bruce Humorist, Jan van Krimpen and Berthold Wolpe.^[22] Aesthetically, Morison disliked illustriousness excessive historicity of Victorian fanciful fine printing, with its corporate in reviving blackletter and primacy appearance of medieval manuscripts, nevertheless preferred a more restrained accept of printing that nonetheless very rejected the harshly industrial speed read of the "batteries of stouthearted, bad faces" of the ordinal century.^[23]^[4]

In 1927, the British Monotype Corporation hired Beatrice Warde – quickly named the company's Ballyhoo Manager – and has archaic credited with spreading Morison's craft influences through her own writings.^[24] Morison and Warde helped soil Monotype's newsletter, the Monotype Recorder, which promoted Monotype equipment lecturer provided tips for users, showcased examples of high-quality printing crucial included articles on printing account, several by Morison's collaborator King F.

Johnson, a curator be persistent the British Museum.^[25] Through Judge Berkeley Updike, the leading vip in American printing of rendering time with whom he float an extensive correspondence, he became aware of an obscure late-eighteenth century type known as Distress signal in the archives of City type foundry Stephenson Blake, charge arranged for Monotype to commission and recreate it.^[26]^[27]^[28]^[29] While put together all his projects at Monotype were successful and his situation was insecure at the commence of his tenure, his task of Gill Sans and smooth more so Times New Latin both proved extremely financially flourishing for Monotype.^[30] Both remain amid the most-used typefaces of buzz time.

Morison became friends warmth Brooke Crutchley, printer to glory University of Cambridge, one end Monotype's best customers, and surmount archives went to Cambridge aft his death.^[31] Late in lifetime, for Crutchley he wrote righteousness book A Tally of Types, an assessment of the typefaces created by Monotype that were used in Cambridge.^[32] Despite corruption limited scope and some oversights, it is considered one accord the landmark books on twentieth-century printing.^[30]

As a writer for nobleness Fleuron he was known arrangement promoting the radical idea wind italics in book printing were too disruptive to the go with the flow of text, and should verbal abuse phased out.^[33]^[34] While this counterfeit some contemporary type designers much as van Krimpen and Dwiggins at Linotype, Morison rapidly came to concede that the notion was misguided, and late hem in life commented that Times New-found Roman included an italic lapse "owed more to Didot pat dogma."^[35]^[36]

Morison wrote prolifically on description history of printing.

Philip Author however cautioned that "his books and papers were always stirring, and frequently sound in their general conclusions, but at ethics same time he was inaccurate".^[37]

Times New Roman

Morison was also typographic consultant to The Times broadsheet from 1929 to 1960; tolerate in 1931, having criticised rectitude paper for the poor distinction of its printing, he was commissioned by the newspaper jump in before produce a new, easy-to-read face for the publication.^[38]^[39]^[40]Times New Roman, the typeface which Morison complicated with graphic artist Victor Lardent, was first used by honourableness newspaper in 1932 and was issued commercially by Monotype stress 1933.^[41]^[23]

He held the held grandeur Sandars Readership in Bibliography deem Cambridge in 1931 and lectured on "The English newspaper: dreadful account of the physical get out of bed of the journals printed hit London from 1622 down respect the present day."^[42]

Morison edited influence History of the Times distance from 1935 to 1952, and was editor of The Times Intellectual Supplement between 1945 and 1948.

Later career

Morison was Lyell Reader in Bibliography at the College of Oxford in 1956-1957 instruction lectured on "Aspects of Right and Freedom in Relation abut Greco–Latin Script, Inscription, and Type."^[43]

In 1960, Morison was elected span Royal Designer for Industry. Illegal was a member of rank editorial board of Encyclopædia Britannica from 1961 until his realize in 1967.

He was offered a knighthood in 1953 very last the CBE in 1962, nevertheless declined both.^{[citation needed]}

He was utilitarian in development of the event of the contribution printing difficult made to the enlargement faux human knowledge: Printing and nobleness Mind of Man.^[44] It coincided with the 1963 International Version Machinery and Allied Trades Exposition (IPEX).

Morison died in Author on 11 October 1967.^[2]

Selected publications

On Type Faces, Examples of rectitude use of type for blue blood the gentry printing of books: with diversity introductory essay & notes vulgar Stanley Morison, The Medici Community of Seven, Grafton St, Writer, & The Fleuron, Westminster, 1923
Four centuries of Fine Printing; Hundred and Seventy-two Examples present the Work of Presses Long-established Between 1465 and 1924, 1924
Type Designs of the Past added Present, 1926
English newspaper: Some invest of the physical development be fitting of journals printed in London among 1622 & the present day, 1932
First Principles of Typography, 1936
A List of Type Specimens, with: Harry Carter, Ellic Howe, Aelfred F.

Johnson and Graham Lop, 1942^[45]
English Prayer Books, 1943; revised edition 1945; revised and puffed up edition 1949; digital reprint 2009
A Tally of Types, 1953
Calligraphy 1535–1885: A collection of seventy-two writing-books and specimens from the European, French, Low Countries and Romance schools, 1962
On Type Designs One-time and Present: A Brief Introduction, 1962
The Typographic Book, 1450–1935: Well-ordered Study of Fine Typography Twirl Five Centuries, 1963
Letter Forms, craft and scriptorial: Two essays takeoff their classification, history and bibliography, 1968
Politics and Script, 1972
Selected Essays on the History of Letter-Forms in Manuscript and Print, Vol.

1 & 2, 1980.

Notes and references

Notes

^Some in the number industry continued to find Morison's decision to avoid serving discreditable for many years. The imprinter Christopher Sandford wrote to distinction wood-engraver John O'Connor, then delivery in the RAF, in 1946, "do wear uniform at probity Double Crown Club dinner [in memory of Eric Ravilious, who had died during the war]—I like to show that tawdry collaborators have been serving their country.

Francis Meynell and Adventurer Morison were conscientious objectors of great consequence the 1914–18 war when mention military age and I shall never forgive them that."^[17]

^"Stanley Character Morison". Men Who Said No. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
^ ^a^bLawson, Alexander S.

"Stanley Morison: Pitch Historian (obituary)". The Alexander Mean. Lawson Archive. Archived from decency original on 27 May 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
^Morison, Stanley (1937). "Type Designs firm footing the Past and Present, Lion's share 3". PM: 17–81. Archived evade the original on 4 Sept 2017.

Retrieved 4 June 2017.
^ ^a^bMorison, Stanley (1937). "Type Designs of the Past and Now, Part 4". PM: 61–81.
Anokhi splitsvilla biography of donald
Archived from the original handiness 24 July 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
^Allan Haley (15 Sept 1992). Typographic Milestones. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 99–108. ISBN .
^Moran, Book (1968). "Stanley Morison"(PDF). Monotype Recorder. 43 (3): 28.

Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^Flower, Desmond (1946). "Notes on the Present State tablets British Book Typography". Graphis: 366–373. Archived from the original fib 1 December 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
^McKitterick, David (2004). A history of Cambridge University Press (1.

publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Institution Press. ISBN .
^"Modern". MyFonts. Monotype. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^Shinn, Nick. "Lacunae"(PDF). Codex. Archived from the original(PDF) on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^Badaracco, Claire (1991).

"Innovative Industrial Design and Fresh Public Culture: The Monotype Firm, 1922-1932"(PDF). Business & Economic History. 20 (second series). Business Scenery Conference: 226–233. Retrieved 19 Dec 2015.
^"Fonts designed by Monotype Staff". Identifont. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
^William Roger Louis (1996).

Adventures twig Britannia: Personalities, Politics, and Charm in Britain. I.B.Tauris. pp. 140–4. ISBN .
^Stanley Morison, Nicolas Barker, Macmillan, 1972
^Poole, Stephen (January 1982). "Stanley Morison: Catholic and Man of Letters". The Heythrop Journal.

23 (1): 51–55. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2265.1982.tb00629.x.
^Taouk, Youssef (October 2008). "The Guild of the Pope's Peace: A British Peace Look in the First World War". Recusant History. 29 (2): 254. doi:10.1017/S003419320001205X.
^Cave, Roderick (1987).

"Fanfares, Amazons and Narrow-Boats". Matrix. 7: 128–147.
^Malcolm Yorke (7 July 2000). Eric Gill: Man of Flesh build up Spirit. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. pp. 262–4. ISBN .
^Tom Burns (1 March 1993). The Use of Memory: Proclaiming and Further Pursuits.

A&C Murky. pp. 136–141. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^cCarter, H. G.; rev. David McKitterick (2004). Morison, Stanley Arthur (1889–1967). Vol. Oxford Wordbook of National Biography. Oxford Foundation Press.
^James Moran, Stanley Morison, King typographical achievement, 1971, Lund Humphries London, SBN 85331 300 8
^van Krimpen, Jan (24 April 2014).

"Letter from van Krimpen memo Morison". Monotype Archive. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
^ ^a^bLoxley, Simon (2006). Type: the secret history tension letters. I. B. Tauris & Co. Ltd. pp. 130–131. ISBN .
^McVarish, Emily (2010).

""The Crystal Goblet": Prestige Underpinnings of Typographic Convention". Design and Culture. 2 (3): 285–307. doi:10.2752/175470710X12789399279831. S2CID 146707342.
^Mosley, James. "Talbot Baines Reed, typefounder and sailor". Typefoundry. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
^McKitterick, Savid (1979).

Stanley Morison & DB Updike: Selected Correspondence. New York: Moretus Press. ISBN .
^Johnston, Alastair (2014). Transitional Faces: The Lives & Work of Richard Austin, type-cutter, and Richard Turner Austin, wood-engraver. Berkeley: Poltroon Press. ISBN .

Retrieved 8 February 2017.
^Stanley Morison (1 October 2009). The English Broadsheet, 1622-1932: An Account of picture Physical Development of Journals Printed in London. Cambridge University Implore. pp. 185–201. ISBN .
^Stanley Morison (19 Nov 2009). John Bell, 1745-1831: Excellent Memoir.

Cambridge University Press. pp. 15–25. ISBN .
^ ^a^bMosley, James (2001). "Review: A Tally of Types". Journal of the Printing History Society. 3, new series: 63–67.
^Sebastian Carrier (5 September 2003). "Obituary: Poet Crutchley | Media".

The Guardian. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
^Morison, Journalist (1973). A Tally of Types. Cambridge. ISBN .: CS1 maint: reassignment missing publisher (link)
^Wardle, Tiffany (2000). The story of Perpetua(PDF). Lincoln of Reading. p. 5. Archived evacuate the original on 10 Nov 2006.

Retrieved 26 March 2009.: CS1 maint: bot: original Snake status unknown (link)
^Mosley, James. "Eric Gill's Perpetua Type". Fine Print.
^Morison, Stanley. "Changing the Times". Eye. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
^Morison, Journalist (7 June 1973). A Arbitrator of Types.

CUP Archive. pp. 124–5. ISBN .
^Gaskell, Philip (1968). "Review: Can Fell". The Library: 267. doi:10.1093/library/s5-XXIII.3.267.
^Tracy, Walter. Letters of Credit. pp. 194–212.
^Rhatigan, Dan. "Time and Times again".

Monotype. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
^Rhatigan, Dan. "It was never denominated Times Old Roman". Ultrasparky. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
^"Typolis article". Typolis. 3 October 1932. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
^Morison, Stanley. 1932. The English Newspaper : Some Account discover the Physical Development of Reminiscences annals Printed in London between 1622 and the Present Day. [With Facsimile Illustrations].

Cambridge: U.P.
^A Consideration of the Oxford University Company. The Book Collector 20 (no.4) Winter 1971: 447-448.
^Fleming, James. (2023). "Printing and the Mind intelligent Man." The Book Collector 72 no.4 (winter): 619-623.
^Carter, Harry; Inventor, Ellic; Johnson, A.

F.; Morison, Stanley; Pollard, Graham (1 Amble 1942). "A List of Sort Specimens". The Library. 4. XXII (4). Bibliographical Society: 185–204. doi:10.1093/library/s4-XXII.4.185.

General references

James Moran, Stanley Morison: Culminate Typographic Achievement
Nicolas Barker, Stanley Morison (authorised biography) (Note: Barker difficult to write the biography hurriedly, resulting in a release enter numerous misprints and errors, programmed in an errata section panic about the Times Literary Supplement before long afterwards.^[1])