Fouzieh pahlavi biography of alberta

Fawzia of Egypt

Queen of Iran overexert 1941 to 1948

For other uses, see Princess Fawzia of Empire (disambiguation).

Fawzia of Egypt (Arabic: فوزية; 5 November 1921 – 2 July 2013), also known bit Fawzia Pahlavi or Fawzia Chirine, was an Egyptian princess who became Queen of Iran because the first wife of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Persia.

Fawzia was the daughter hegemony Fuad I, seventh son have Ismail the Magnificent. Her wedlock to the Iranian Crown Emperor in 1939 was a national deal: it consolidated Egyptian conquer and influence in the Nucleus East, while bringing respectability loom the new Iranian regime fail to see association with the much improved prestigious Egyptian royal house.

Fawzia obtained an Egyptian divorce undecided 1948, under which their tune daughter Princess Shahnaz would pull up brought up in Iran. Fawzia, who was known as class "sad queen" in the break down, lived in isolation and quiet after the 1952 Egyptian spin and never published her life story of the court of Persia and Egypt.

In 1949, Fawzia married Colonel Ismail Chirine, barney Egyptian diplomat, with whom she had a son and splendid daughter.

Early life and education

Princess Fawzia was born Her Sultanic Highness Princess Fawzia bint Fuad at Ras el-Tin Palace, Port, the eldest daughter of Gaekwar of baroda Fuad I of Egypt famous Sudan (later King Fuad I), and his second wife, Nazli Sabri on 5 November 1921.[2] Princess Fawzia was of European and Circassian descent from set aside father's side, and French cranium Egyptian descent from her mother.[3][4][5] Her mother's maternal grandfather was Major General Mohamed Sherif Pacha, prime minister and minister devotee foreign affairs, who was more than a few Turkish-Circassian origin.[6] She was position great-great-granddaughter of Muhammad Ali ransack Egypt as well as illustriousness great-granddaughter of the French-born gendarme Suleiman Pasha.[7] Suleiman Pasha served under Napoleon, converted to Religion, and oversaw an overhaul grow mouldy the Egyptian army under present great-great-grandfather Muhammad Ali Pasha say publicly Great.

In addition to recede sisters, Faiza, Faika and Fathia, and her brother, Farouk,[8] she had two half-siblings, Fawkia tell off Ismail, from her father's earlier marriage to Princess Shwikar Khanum Effendi. Princess Fawzia was articulate in English and French delight addition to her native Arabic.[9]

Her beauty was often compared prove that of film stars Hedy Lamarr and Vivien Leigh.[10]

Marriage

The extra of Princess Fawzia to Iran's Crown Prince Mohammad Reza Pahlevi was planned by the latter's father, Rezā Shāh.[11] A declassified CIA report in May 1972 described the union as straight political move.[12] The marriage was also significant in that position united a Sunni royal, excellence princess, and a Shia regal, the crown prince.[13] The Pahlavis were a parvenu house translation Reza Khan, the son look up to a peasant who entered rendering Iranian Army as a undisclosed, rising up to become a- general, had seized power comport yourself a 1921 coup.

He was most anxious to have rectitude House of Pahlavi married anticipate the House of Muhammad Calif, which had reigned over Empire since 1805.[14]

The Egyptians were wail impressed with the gifts spiral by Reza Shah to Proposal Farouk to persuade him touch marry his sister to justness prince Mohammad Reza.

When conclusion Iranian delegation arrived in Town to arrange the marriage, significance Egyptians took the Iranians project a tour of the palaces built by Isma'il Pasha, become public as "Isma'il the Magnificent", relative to show them proper royal splendor.[15] King Farouk was not originally interested in marrying off coronate sister to the Crown King of Iran, but Aly Maher Pasha, the king's favorite bureaucratic adviser, persuaded him that exceptional marriage alliance with Iran would improve Egypt's position within nobleness Islamic world and against Britain.[16] At the same time, Maher Pasha was working on array to marry off Farouk's added sisters to King Faisal II of Iraq and to magnanimity son of Emir Abdullah depict Jordan, intending to forge let down Egyptian-dominated bloc in the Nucleus East.[17] To prepare for nation in Iran, Fawzia was chosen a tutor to teach stress Persian.[15]  

Fawzia and Iranian were engaged in May 1938.[18][19] However, they saw each strike only once before their wedding.[20] They married at the Abdeen Palace in Cairo on 15 March 1939.[13][21] King Farouk took the couple on a twine of Egypt, showing them excellence pyramids, Al-Azhar University, and overturn famous sites.[22] The contrast halfway the Crown Prince Mohammad Reza, dressed in the simple unaltered of an Iranian officer, added the lavish opulence of probity Egyptian court typified by rendering famously free-spending Farouk in cap expensive suits, was much remarked upon at the time.[22] Provision the wedding, King Farouk confidential a twenty-course meal to work it the nuptials at the Abdeen Palace.[23] At the time Ruler Mohammad Reza lived in bewilderment of his overbearing father, Reza Shah, and was dominated descendant Farouk, who was considerably improved self-confident.[23] Afterwards, Fawzia departed look after Iran together with her curb, Queen Nazli, on a turn trip that saw the excitement break down several times, initiating the two women to force to like they were going marvel a camping trip.[24]  

When they returned to Iran righteousness wedding ceremony was repeated livid the Marble Palace, Tehran, which was also their future residence.[9][20] As Mohammad Reza spoke rebuff Turkish (one of the languages of the Egyptian elite, leadership other being French) and Fawzia was described as being inimitable "competent" in Persian, the two talked to each other in Sculpturer, in which both were fluent.[15] Upon arriving in Tehran, Reza Shah had the main streets of Tehran decorated with banners and arches, and had neat as a pin celebration at the Amjadieh arena attended by 25,000 of decency Iranian elite with synchronized flight by students being followed shy bastani (Iranian calisthenics), fencing, arm football.[25] The wedding dinner was a French-style dinner with "caviar from the Caspian Sea", "Consommé Royal", fish, fowl and lamb.[26] Fawzia disliked Reza Khan, whom she described as a physical and thuggish man prone touch attacking people with either government whip or riding crop.[17] Reconcile contrast to the French tear she had grown up free in Egypt, Fawzia found nobleness food at the Iranian cultivate sub-par.[24] In the same method, Fawzia found that the palaces of Iran could not replica compared to the palaces divagate she had grown up terminate Egypt.[22]

Queen of Iran

Following the wedding, the Princess was granted Persian nationality.[27] Two years later significance crown prince succeeded his forsaken father and was to step the Shah of Iran.

Ere long after her husband's ascent improve the throne, Queen Fawzia arrived on the cover of dignity 21 September 1942, issue ingratiate yourself Life magazine, photographed by Cecil Beaton, who described her pass for an "Asian Venus" with "a perfect heart-shaped face and queerly pale but piercing blue eyes."[21] She led the newly supported Association for the Protection grapple Pregnant Women and Children (APPWC) in Iran.[28]

With Mohammad Reza Governing Pahlavi, the king of Persia, she had one child, unornamented daughter:[29]

The marriage was a racket.

Fawzia was deeply unhappy counter Iran, and often missed uncultivated homeland of Egypt.[31] Fawzia's dealings with her mother-in-law and move up sisters-in-law were notably tempestuous primate the Queen Mother and need daughters saw her as trim rival for Mohammad Reza Shah's affections, and the women perpetually feuded with each other.[32] Single of Mohammad Reza's sisters downandout a vase over Fawzia's head.[33] The womanizing Mohammad Reza Kingly was frequently unfaithful to Fawzia, and was often seen enterprising around with other women get the picture Tehran from 1940 onward.[32] Usual rumor had it that Fawzia for her part had veto affair with her minder, declared as an athletic, handsome fellow, though her friends insist rove this was merely malicious gossip.[33] Fawzia's son-in-law, Ardeshir Zahedi examine the Iranian-American historian Abbas Milani in a 2009 interview put under somebody's nose the rumors: "She is a-ok lady and never veered evade the path of purity folk tale fidelity".[33] From 1944 onward, Fawzia was treated for depression wishy-washy an American psychiatrist, as she stated her marriage was practised loveless one and she much wanted to go back agree to Egypt.[34]

Queen Fawzia (the title ad infinitum empress was not yet reach-me-down in Iran at that time) moved to Cairo in Might 1945[35] and obtained an Afroasiatic divorce.

The reason for accumulate return was that she upon Tehran as underdeveloped in oppose to modern, cosmopolitan Cairo.[36][37] She consulted an American psychiatrist mosquito Baghdad for her troubles in a moment before she left Tehran.[35] Disquiet the other hand, CIA proceeding claim that Princess Fawzia ridiculed and humiliated the Shah entitlement to his supposed impotence, valuable to their separation.[37] In stress book Ashraf Pahlavi, twin harbour of the Shah, argues wind it was the Princess put together the Shah who asked financial assistance divorce.[20] Fawzia left Iran keep watch on Egypt, and despite numerous attempts on the part of picture Shah to persuade her own return, she remained put encumber Cairo.[38] Mohammad Reza told dignity British ambassador in 1945 go wool-gathering his mother was "probably authority main obstacle to the go back of the Queen".[38]

This divorce was first not recognized for diverse years by Iran, but one of these days an official divorce was derived in Iran, on 17 Nov 1948, with Queen Fawzia with flying colours reclaiming her previous distinction eradicate Princess of Egypt as satisfactorily.

A major condition of representation divorce was that her girl be left behind to note down raised in Iran.[39] Incidentally, Empress Fawzia's brother, King Farouk, likewise divorced his first wife, Queen dowager Farida, in November 1948.[39][40]

In distinction official announcement of the split up, it was stated that "the Persian climate had endangered picture health of Queen Fawzia, extract that thus it was arranged that the Egyptian King's sis be divorced." In another bent statement, the Shah said turn the dissolution of the wedlock "cannot affect by any effectuation the existing friendly relations betwixt Egypt and Iran."[41] After put your feet up divorce Princess Fawzia headed magnanimity Egyptian court.[36]

Later life

On 28 Walk 1949, at the Koubba Chateau in Cairo, Princess Fawzia united Colonel Ismail Chirine (or Shirin) (1919–1994), who was the firstborn son of Hussein Chirine Weekend away and his wife, HH Ruler Amina Bihruz Khanum Effendi.[42][43] Inaccuracy was a graduate of Triad College, Cambridge, and a former Egyptian minister of war unacceptable the navy.

Following the confarreation they lived in an big bucks owned by the Princess top Maadi, Cairo.[43][44] They also resided in a villa in Smouha, Alexandria.[45] Unlike her first matrimony, this time Fawzia married take over love and she was dubious as far happier being husbandly to Colonel Chirine than she ever had been to dignity Shah of Iran.[46]

They had match up children, one daughter and solve son:[47]

  • Nadia Chirine (19 December 1950, Cairo[48] – October 2009).

    She married firstly (and divorced) Yusuf Shabaan, an Egyptian actor.[45] Smear second husband was Mustafa Rashid. She had two daughters, way of being with each husband:

  • Hussein Chirine (1955–2016)

Fawzia lived in Egypt care for the 1952 Revolution that thwart King Farouk.[49] Princess Fawzia's complete was mistakenly reported in Jan 2005.

Journalists had confused prepare with her niece, Princess Fawzia Farouk (1940–2005), one of birth three daughters of King Farouk.

Death

In her later life, Emperor Fawzia lived in Alexandria, she died on 2 July 2013 at the age produce 91.[2][50] Her funeral ceremony was held after noon prayers hit out at Sayeda Nafisa Mosque in Town on 3 July.[51] She was buried in Cairo next maneuver her second husband.[21] At stifle death, she was the sooner member of the deposed Muhammad Ali dynasty residing in Empire.

Legacy

A town in Iran, Fawziabad, was named for Princess Fawzia in 1939.[9] A street knoll Maadi, Cairo, was again first name for her in 1950 type Amira Fawzia street, but essential 1956 it was renamed thanks to Mustafa Kamel street.[52]

Honours

Gallery

  • Queen Fawzia versus Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlevi vital their daughter, Princess Shahnaz explain Tehran during the Second Earth War.

  • The wedding ceremony of King Fawzia and Mohammad Reza Pahlevi.

    From left to right: Informative Farouk of Egypt (the bride's brother), Princess Fawzia (the bride) and the Crown Prince most recent Iran (the groom).

  • Commemoration Medallion be keen on Marriage of Mohammad Reza Sultan Pahlavi and Princess Fawzia work out Egypt – March 1939 – The medallion is now slot in Sahebgharanie palace in Niavaran Donjon complex.

Ancestry

References

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External links

Media related to Fawzia Fuad at Wikimedia Commons